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§ Lesson 31 A lovable eccentric 可爱的怪人
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●lovable adj. 可爱的
●eccentric n. （行为）古怪的人
●disregard v. 不顾，漠视
●convention n. 习俗，风俗
●conscious adj. 感觉到的，意识到的
●invariably adv. 总是，经常地
●routine n. 常规；惯例
●shrewd adj. 精明的
●eccentricity n. 怪僻
●legendary adj. 传奇般的
●snob n. 诌上欺下的人
●intensely adv. 强烈地
●bedraggled adj 拖泥带水的
●dump v. 把……砰的一声抛下
●apologetic adj. 道歉的
●reprimand v. 训斥
●stage v. 暗中策划
●elaborate adj. 精心构思的

■lovable adj. 可爱的
lovable == worthy of love
lovely = beautiful 可爱的
lovable 惹人爱
Eg: What he does is lovable.
I like the lovely boy/girl.
A large number of eccentrics are lovable. 许多怪人惹人喜爱。

L30-05_31-01 end 11’02”

L31-02 begin 11’26”

■eccentric n. （行为）古怪的人
eccentric: a person whose behaviou is peculiar, unusual, rather strange.
eccentric: adj. peculiar, unusual; strange
strange因为陌生而奇怪
Eg.: The modern building looks strange to the villages.
eccentric 行为举止古怪
Eg.: I can’t get on well with him, because he is eccentric.
odd 强调因为少见而多怪
Eg.: Look, he is wearing an odd hat.
peculiar 奇异的，不同寻常的
The house is peculiar.
I feel peculiar today. ==I feel uncomfortable / ill. == I’m not myself today.
eccentricity n. 怪癖

■disregard v. 不顾，漠视
disregard: ignore; pay no attention to
Disregard noise and keep working
disregard n.
have disregard of / for
He has complete disregard of / for my feelings.
in disregard of
He did the work in disregard of my 包含uctions.
treat sb. with disregard 怠慢某人
Anyway, don’t treat your friends with disregard.

■convention n. 习俗，风俗
convention: generally accepted practice.
Shaking hands when meeting people is normal convention in China.
custom 历史悠久的社会习俗
It’s a custom of giving presents at Christmas.
He always does exactly what he wants and does not care about convention.
practice 某团体的传统做法或令他人无法接受的习俗
Eg.: The normal practice in the company is to send bill as soon as the job is done.
Your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat- -the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.(三册L23)
tradition 传统
Spending Christmas Day is a tradition for western people.
habit 个人习惯
I have a habit of reading English aloud in the morning.

■conscious adj. 感觉到的，意识到的
conscious ==aware
be conscious of / that
be aware of / that
He is quite unaware of the danger.
He is not conscious of the danger.
class conscious 有阶级意识的
family conscious 有家庭观念的
clothes conscious 注重衣着的
stairs conscious 注重地位的
aware, conscious的反义词直接加un-
unaware, unconscious
subconscious 下意识的
consciousness n.

■invariably adv. 总是，经常地
■routine n. 常规；惯例
routine: the regular fixed way of sth. / doing things
follow the routine 墨守常规
break the routine 打破常规
start the daily routine 开始每天的日常生活

■shrewd adj. 精明的
shrewed: showing good practical judgement 精明的，狡滑的，敏锐的，机灵的
He is a shrewed observer.
We have got shrewed common sense.
Sb. is shrewed. == He has good judgement.
shrewed brained
shrewed headed 头脑机灵的
shrewed looking 看起来机灵的

L31-02 end 11’26”

L31-03 begin 11’00”

cunning: clever at deceiving 善于歉骗的
sly 用更隐秘的办法来达到目的
a sly old fox

■eccentricity n. 怪僻
■legendary adj. 传奇般的
■snob n. 诌上欺下的人
■intensely adv. 强烈地
intense adj. very strong ; violent; extreme; sharp; etc.
intense cold 严寒
intense heat 酷暑
intense discussion 激烈的讨论
intensify vt. 使增强
You must intensify your sense of responsibility.你必须加强责任感。
intensity n.
Losing jobs are growing in intensity.

sth are growing in intensity ……（某种程度）在加强
Eg: Losing jobs are growing in intensity.

■bedraggled adj 拖泥带水的
■dump v. 把……砰的一声抛下
■reprimand v. 训斥
reprimand: scold officially and severely
blame 责备(语气程度很弱)
Eg.: The teacher blamed him for his coming late.
scold 斥责(语气稍重一点)
Don’t scold me for a trifle.
reproach 斥责 (语气最严重)
He often reproached his children.
reprimand: scold officially and severely
The boss reprimanded his employees severely.

■apologetic adj. 道歉的
apologize v.
He apologized to his boss.
The boss apologized to his employees.
He was apologetic. 他致以歉意
apology n. 歉意
make apology to sb. for sth.

■stage v. 暗中策划
He stage a joke.

■elaborate adj. 精心构思的
elaborate == carefully worked out
an elaborate design 精心的设计
elaborate vt.
He elaborated a system of computer.

【Text】
Lesson 31 A lovable eccentric 可爱的怪人
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
Why did the shop assistant refuse to serve Dickie?

True eccentrics never deliberately set out to draw attention to themselves. They disregard social conventions without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary. This invariably wins them the love and respect of others, for they add colour to the dull routine of everyday life.
Up to the time of his death, Richard Colson was one of the most notable figures in our town. He was a shrewd and wealthy businessman, but most people in the town hardly knew anything about this side of his life. He was known to us all as Dickie and his eccentricity had become legendary long before he died.
Dickie disliked snobs intensely. Though he owned a large car, he hardly ever used it, preferring always to go on foot. Even when it was raining heavily, he refused to carry an umbrella. One day, he walked into an expensive shop after having been caught in a particularly heavy shower. He wanted to buy a ￡300 watch for his wife, but he was in such a bedraggled condition that an assistant refused to serve him. Dickie left the shop without a word and returned carrying a large cloth bag. As it was extremely heavy, he dumped it on the counter. The assistant asked him to leave, but Dickie paid no attention to him and requested to see the manager. Recognizing who the customer was, the manager was most apologetic and 'reprimanded the assis-
tant severely. When Dickie was given the watch, he presented the assistant with the cloth bag. It contained ￡300 in pennies. He insisted on the assistant's counting the money before he left---- 30,000 pennies in all! On another occasion, he invited a number of important critics to see his private collection of modern paintings. This exhibition received a great deal of attention in the press, for though the pictures were supposed to be the work of famous artists, they had in fact been painted by Dickie. It took him four years to stage this elaborate joke simply to prove that critics do not always know what they are talking about.

参考译文
真正古怪的人从不有意引人注意。他们不顾社会习俗，意识不到自己所作所为有什么特殊之处。他们总能赢得别人的喜爱与尊敬，因为他们给平淡单一的日常生活增添了色彩。
理查德.科尔森生前是我们镇上最有名望的人之一。他是个精明能干、有钱的商人，但镇上大部分人对他生活中的这一个方面几乎一无所知。大家都管他叫迪基。早在他去世前很久，他的古怪行为就成了传奇故事了。
迪基痛恨势利小人。尽管他有一辆豪华小轿车，但却很少使用，常常喜欢以步代车。即使大雨倾盆，他也总是拒绝带伞。一天，他遇上一场瓢泼大雨，淋得透湿。他走进一家高级商店，要为妻子买一块价值300英镑的手表。但店员见他浑身泥水的样子，竟不肯接待他。迪基二话没说就走了。一会儿，他带着一个大布口袋回到店里。布袋很沉，他重重地把布袋扔在柜台上。店员让迪基走开，他置之不理，并要求见经理。经理认出了这位顾客，表示了深深的歉意，还严厉地训斥了店员。店员为迪基拿出了那块手表，迪基把布口袋递给他，口袋里面装着300镑的便士。他坚持要店员点清那些硬币后他才离去。这些硬币加在一起共有 30,000枚！还有一次，他邀请一些著名评论家来参观他私人收藏的现代画。这次展览引起报界广泛注意，因为这些画名义上是名家的作品，事实上是迪基自己画的。他花了4年时间策划这出精心设计的闹剧，只是想证明评论家们有时并不解他们所谈论的事情。

【课文讲解】

deliberately: on purpose
set out to do = set about doing = start doing / to do sth.
draw attention to 吸引对......的注意
capture/attract/hold/catch/arrest/receive/draw attention to 吸引对……的注意力

He made a mistake without being conscious of the fact
invariably = always
Her fine character quickly won her the friendship of her colleagues

win sb sth 为某人赢得……
add colour to 增添色彩
Eccentrics add colour to our dull life.
背诵第一自然段。

up to the time of his death: before he died. 完成时
notable: famous
this side of his life 生活的这一面

L31-03 end 11’00”

L31-04 begin 11’10”

Dickie disliked snobs intensely / violently
preferring 现在分词做伴随状况状语

be caught in a heavy shower 遇到瓢泼大雨
be caught in a heavy snow 遇到大雪
be caught in a heavy storm 遇到风暴

pay no attention to sb = ignore sb = take no notice of sb = turn a deaf ear to sb对……不予理睬
Dickie took no notice of him
dickie turned a deaf ear to him.
refuse to listen to

request 求见（非常正式而有礼貌的用词，语气相当强烈，假如你request某件东西的话，通常你有权利得到你想要的。）
I requested the headmaster.
Every student can request assistance of their teachers.’
demand 在语气上还要强烈，假如你demand某件东西的话，你坚决认为你有权利得到你想要的，且不愿意接受否定的回答。
I demand my rights. 我要求我的权力。
ask 口头或写信介到某物
I asked to get the book.
he asked me for help.
realizing or recognizing 在这里现在分词做原因状语
most = very much

present sb. with sth. or present sth. to sb. 把......交给

insist on doing / insist that
He insisted that the shop assistant should count the money before he left.

背诵：receive a great deal of attention in the press 引起了报界广泛注意

simply to prove = only to prove

talk nonsense 胡说八道
talk sense 说正经话
背诵第三段及关键句型

L31-04 end 11’10”

L31-05 begin 10’56”

【Multiple choice questions】P148
Comprehension
1 Most people in the town would have regarded Dickie’s behaviour as eccentric on the day he visited the shop because _____ .
a. when he set out into the rain he did not take an umbrella
b. he went to such lengths to show his dislike of snobbery
c. he spent so much money on a watch
d. he had not counted the pennies before giving them to the assistant
go to lengths 竭尽全力

2 When Dickie went into an expensive shop _____ .
a. he wanted to shelter from the rain
b. he did not look like a man who could afford a watch
c. he had forgotten to bring his cloth bag with him
d. he had been sent by his wife to buy a watch

3 The press paid a great deal of attention to Dickie’s exhibition because _____ .
a. it had taken him so long to prepare the paintings
b. the critics admired Dickie’s ability to copy the work of famous artists
c. no one had known that Dickie was a painter
d. it became known that Dickie had succeeded in deceiving the critics

Structure
4 They disregard social conentions and requite unaware _____ they are doing anything extraordinary. (ll.2-3)
a. that what b. of the fact that c. if d. when
(of the fact可省略)

5 As it _____ , he dumped it on the counter. (ll.14-15)
a. was weighing b. weighed a lot c. weighed much d. had weighed much
much多用于疑问句或否定句中，而肯定句中多用a lot; a great deal
Eg.: He knows a lot about it.
He doesn’t know much about it.
Does he know much about it?

6 _____ ￡300 worth of pennies in the bag. (ll.17-18)
a. There were b. It was c. They were d. It had

7 He insisted _____ the money before he left.(l.18)
a. that the assistant should count b. the assistant to count
c. to count d. to be counted

8 He asked a number of important critics to come _____ his private… (ll.19-20)
a. and see b. seeing c. see d. so they saw

Vocabulary
9 ----and returned carrying a large _____ . (l.14)
a. cloth case b. clothes-basket c. sack of clothing d. bag made of cloth

10 But dickie paid no attention to his _____… (l.15)
a. question b. inquiry c. query d. demand

11 The pictures were supposed to have been _____ by famous artists.(ll.20-21)
a. worked b. made c. done d. designed

12 Critics do not always _____ . (ll.22)
a. mean well b. speak with understanding c. tell the truth d. takl sense
talk nonsence 胡说

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. D 11. C 12. D

L31-05 5’10” [ Lesson 31 41:04 ]

L31-05_32-01 5’43” [ Lesson 32 36:52 ]
§ Lesson 32 A lost ship 一艘沉船
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●salvage v. 救助，营救；打捞
●Barents n. 巴伦支（海）
●sunken adj. 沉没的
●cargo n. 货物
●bullion n. 金条；银条
●scour v. 彻底搜索
●chest n. 大箱子
●contents n.（复数）所装的东西
●belongings n. （复数）所有物
●item n. 物件
●cruiser n. 巡洋舰
●find n. 找到的物品
●log book 航海日志
●piece v. 拼成整体
●convoy n. 护航
●torpedo v. 用鱼雷攻击
●submarine n. 潜水艇
●naval adj. 海军的
●ministry n.（政府的）部

■salvage v. 救助，营救；打捞
salvage goods from the fire
salvage the patient
salvage your time 节省时间
salvage archaelogy 抢救性考古
salvage boat 救助船
salvage money 救助费，打捞费

■Barents n. 巴伦支（海）
■sunken adj. 沉没的
■cargo n. 货物
cargo: the goods carried by ship; plane or vehicle
Eg.: The ship has a cargo of 1,000 tons
cargo vessel
goods: the goods carried by plane or train 也可以做形容词，只能表示铁路运输，常指商店里的的商品。
Eg.: Trains are used to carry goods and passengers.
A goods train

■bullion n. 金条；银条
■scour v. 彻底搜索
go through
The house has been searched / scoured for the hidden bullion.

scour / search / hunt (都可与for 搭配,表示目的)
search 指寻找丢失的东西或被认为是存在的东西，比look for更正式
hunt 指漫无边际的寻找急需要的东西
scour 表示彻底地搜查一个特定范围并暗示花费更大的力气
Eg.: I have been searching everywhere, but I can’t find the key.
We spent a week hunting for the puma.

L31-04_32-01 end 10’56”

L32-02 begin 10’13”

They scoured the woods for the child.
scour / search / hunt (都可与for 搭配,表示目的)

■chest n. 大箱子
chest: a large strong box in which valuable objects are kept
case 衣箱（总称）
suitcase 手提箱
safe 保险箱
trunk 汽车尾箱
dustbin 垃圾箱

■contents n.（复数）所装的东西
■belongings n. （复数）所有物
■item n. 物件
■cruiser n. 巡洋舰
■find n. 找到的物品
find: Something good or valuable
Eg.: the little restaurant is quite a find.
The garden is a good find.

■log book 航海日志
■piece v. 拼成整体
part / a piece of cake / a piece of news
piece: put parts together to form a whole
piece together 拼揍
Eg.: They piece the log book together.
piece up 修补，拼合
Please piece up the dress.
piece a quilt

■convoy n. 护航
in convoy 护航
under convoy: 被护航

■torpedo v. 用鱼雷攻击
■submarine n. 潜水艇
前缀sub-
1. 下
subway 地铁
substructure 下层建筑
subsoil 下层土
subnormal 低于正常的
2．次；准；亚
subtripics
subcollege
subcontinent
3. 副；分支；下级；下属
subeditor 副编辑
subagent 副代理人
subhead 副标题
suboffice 分办事处
4．接近的
subadult 接近成人的
subteen 将近十三岁的
subequal 接近相等的
5．再
subdived 再分
sublet 转租
subculture 再培养

■naval adj. 海军的
navy 海军
naval port 军港
naval power 制海权
voyage 海上航行
navigation 航海术
navigate v. 航海，航行

■ministry n.（政府的）部

【Text】
Lesson 32 A lost ship 一艘沉船
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
Did the crew of the Elkor find what they were looking for? Why?

The salvage operation had been a complete failure. The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home. A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's captain 包含 ucting him to give up the search. The captain knew that another attempt would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.
Despite the message, the captain of the Elkor decided to try once more. The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom. Though the crew were at first under the impression that the lost ship had been found, the contents of the chest proved them wrong. What they had in fact found was a ship which had been sunk many years before.
The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding. There were books, clothing and photographs,together with letters which the seaman had once received from his wife. The captain of the Elkor ordered his men to salvage as much as possible from the wreck. Nothing of value was found, but the numerous items which were brought to the surface proved to be of great interest. From a heavy gun that was raised, the captain realized that the ship must have been a cruiser. In another chest, which contained the belongings of a ship's officer, there was an unfinished letter which had been written on March 14th, 1943. The captain learnt from the letter that the name of the lost ship was the Karen. The most valuable find of all was the ship's log book, parts of which it was still possible to read. From this the captain was able to piece together all the information that had come to light. The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine. This was later confirmed by a naval official at the Ministry of Defence after the Elkor had returned home. All the items that were found were sent to the War Museum.

参考译文
打捞工作彻底失败了。小船“埃尔科”号在巴伦支海搜寻了几个星期之后，正在返航途中。返航前，该船船长收到了大陆发来的电报，指示他们放弃这次搜寻。船长知道日后还会再作尝试，因为他试图寻找的沉船上载有一批珍贵的金条。
尽管船长接了电报，他还是决定再试一试。他们用结实的网把海床搜索了一遍。当一只箱子从海底被打捞上来时，甲板上人们激动不已。船员们开始认为沉船找着了，但海底沉箱内的物品证明他们弄错了。事实上，他们发现的是另一艘沉没多年的船。
木箱内装有水手艾伦.菲尔丁的私人财物，其中有书箱、衣服、照片以及水手收到的妻子的来信。“埃尔科”号船长命令船员们尽量从沉船中打捞物品，但没发现什么值钱的东西，不过打捞出来的众多的物品还是引起了大家极大的兴趣。从捞起的一门大炮来看，船长认为那艘船一定是艘巡洋舰。另一只海底沉箱中装的是船上一位军官的财物，其中有一封写于1943年3月14日的信，但没有写完。从这封信中船长了解到沉船船名是“卡伦”号。打捞到的东西中最有价值的是船上的航海日志，其中有一部分仍然清晰可读。据此，船长可以将所有的那些已经搞清的材料拼凑起来。“卡伦”号当年在为其他船只护航驶往俄国的途中突然遭到敌方潜水艇鱼雷的袭击。这一说法在“埃尔科”号返航后得到的国防部一位海军官员的证实。那次打捞到的所有物品均被送往军事博物馆。

【课文讲解】

背熟：The salvage operation had been a complete failure.
My examination is a complete failure. 这次考试完全失败了。
Their experiment had been a complete failure.

背熟：A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship's captain 包含ucting him to give up the search.
The shop’s captain received a radio message from the mainland 包含ucting him to give up the search.
包含uct sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
The editor sent a fax to the journalist 包含ucting him to get statistics.
make another attempt

L32-02 end 10’13”

L32-03 begin 9’56”

despite ==in spite of
try once more代替了make another attempt

There is tremendous excitement 书面语
People on board felt excited. (口语)
There was tremendous excitement before the game.
under the impression that == thinking that
I am under the impression that he is the manager of the store.
He is under the impression that you’ll help him.

sunken / sunk
需定语时用 sunken
The ship had sunk
a sunken ship
personal belongings 个人所属物品
together with 还有

salvage as much as possible / salvage as much as they could

of value ==valuable
very much interesting == of great interest
of great importance / of great significance / of no consequence / of no importance / of no interest
numerous ==countless

There were the belongings of ship officer in the chest.
learn from 从......得知

L32-03 end 9’56”

L32-04 begin

parts of the log book it was still possible to read.
It was still possible to read parts of the log book.

come to light = become known = emerge 被公开，被发现（不及物动词短语，要用主动语态）
Eg: The secret came to light after his death.
bring sth to light/ review 把……公布于众
Eg: The two brothers reviewed/ brought the secret to light

in a convoy 护航
under a convoy 被护航
confirmed == made sure

背熟第一自然段，牢记并熟练运用第二、三自然段的重点结构。

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 Why had the salvage operation been a complete failure?
a. They had failed to locate the ship they had been sent to look for.
b. They had not succeeded in finding the Barents Sea.
c. They hadfound the wrong ship.
d. The captain had not understood his 包含uctions.

2 In ordering as much as possible to be salvaged from the wreck, the captain _____ .
a. expected to find some of the gold bullion
b. hoped, among other things, to establish the identity of the ship
c. thought he would find out that the ship had been a cruiser
d. was looking for more information concerning the dead seaman

3 The log book was the most important find because it _____ .
a. helped to explain how the warship had come to be sunk in the Barents Sea
b. contained a written account of how the Karen had been torpedoed
c. provided vital information as to the ship’s whereablaots
d. gave the Ministry of Defence information it had known nothing about

Structure
4 The captain knew that _____ the only attempt.(l.5)
a. it was not b. his had not been c. his would not be d. it had not been

5 It was a ship which had been sunk many years before _____ in fact found. (l.11)
a. what they had b. that they had c. had been d. which was

6 They did not find _____ . (l.14)
a. nothing of value b. a valuable thing c. any value d. anything valuable

7 ---- parts of which _____ . (l.19)
a. it could still be read b. it could still read c. could still be read d. could still read

8 After the Elkor had returned home, a naval official _____ . (ll.21-22)
a. had this later confirmed at the Ministry of Defence
b. confirmed this at the Ministry of Defence
c. at the Ministry of Defence confirmed this
d. later at the Ministry of Defence confirmed this

Vocabulary
9 The ship’s captain had received 包含uctions to give up the search _____ a radio message from the mainland. (ll.3-4)
a. on b. by c. with d. in
in the letter / in the radio message / in the fax

10 There were books, clothing and photographs, _____ letters … (ll.12-13)
a. including b. along with c. added to d. beside

11---- an unfinished letter which was _____ March 14th, 1943. (l.17)
a. inscribed b. marked c. dated d. posted on
inscribe 刻画
mark 做标记

12 ---- all the information that had _____ . (l.20)
a. emerged b. alighted c. arisen d. surfaced
arisen (原形是arise ) 出现
surface 露出水面
alight on 偶然发现
My eyes alighted on the book.

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. A

L32-04 end 11’01” [ Lesson 32 36:52 ]

L33-01 begin 10’19” [ Lesson 32 49:04 ]
§ Lesson 33 A day to remember 难忘的一天
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●prelude n. 序幕，前奏
●unforeseen adj. 意料之外的
●series n. 系列
●catastrophe n. 大祸，灾难
●crockery n. 陶器，瓦器
●suburb n. 郊区
●collide v. 猛撞
●learner n. 初学者
●panic n. 惊慌，恐慌
●windscreen n. （汽车的）挡风玻璃
●alongside prep. 在……的旁边，与……并排
●slide v. 滑
●stray adj. 离群的
●confusion n. 混乱
●greedily adv. 贪婪地
●devour v. 狼吞虎咽地吃

■prelude n. 序幕，前奏
a prelude to sth ……的前奏
Eg: a prelude to serious trouble 麻烦的前奏
introduction 导言，绪论
introduction to the book
preface 序，前言
foreword 序

■unforeseen adj. 意料之外的
foresee == see before hand
I foresee a bright future for you.
foreseeable 可预见的
foreseeing 预料之中的
unforeseeing 意料之外的
foretell 预言，主语可以是人或物
predict 预言，预示（语气较强），主语必须是人
Eg: He predicted that it would happen in ten years.
forecast : 预测，预报（主要指天气的预报）
Eg: Timely snow foretells a bumper harvest. 瑞雪照丰年

■series n. 系列
series 单复数形式同形
a series of
We’ve got a series of good harvest.
chain 连串，连锁
a chain of 一系列
a series of reaction 一系列反应
a chain of reaction一系列反应
chain store 连锁店，
chain reaction 连锁反应
chain smoker 吸烟很严重的人
succession 侧重时间上的连续
a suucession of failures 一系列的失败
Eg.: We’ve got a succession of successes.
string 连续不断相似的事件
Eg.: a string of cars 一连串的汽车
train 一个接一个发生的事
a train of thoughts/ ideas 一个个的想法

■catastrophe n. 大祸，灾难
worldwide catastrophe 世界范围的灾难
national catastrophe 波及全国的灾难
disaster 灾难，不幸（语气较弱）
calamity 灾害，不幸事件
nature calamity 自然灾害

■crockery n. 陶器，瓦器
■suburb n. 郊区
■collide v. 猛撞
■learner n. 初学者
■panic n. 惊慌，恐慌
panic : uncontrollable quickly spreading fear or terror
get into a panic 陷入惊慌之中
He suddenly got into a panic and stop his car.
be struck with panic== be seized with panic 惊慌失措
He was seized with panic.
terror 惊骇
horror 恐惧
fright 害怕
alarm 惊恐
■windscreen n. （汽车的）挡风玻璃
■alongside prep. 在……的旁边，与……并排
■slide v. 滑
■stray adj. 迷失的，离群的
The dog strayed from home.

■confusion n. 混乱
condition out of order
in order 秩序井然
out of order 混乱
L33-01 end 10’19”

L33-02 begin 10’10”

in confusion 乱七八糟
be covered with confusion 局促不安
throw sb into confusion 使某人惊慌失措

■greedily adv. 贪婪地
■devour v. 狼吞虎咽地吃
devour:
1. eat like an animal
The dog devoured the cake
2. destroy 吞灭，席卷
The flames devoured the whole building
3. take in eagerly with eyes, ears, or mind 贪婪地看
His eyes devoured the scene. 他两眼贪婪地看着。

【Text】整篇背诵
§ Lesson 33 A day to remember 难忘的一天
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What incident began the series of traffic accidents?

We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong. A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control. What invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment. It is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions. Let us suppose that you are preparing a meal and keeping an eye on the baby at the same time. The telephone rings and this marks the prelude to an unforeseen series of catastrophes. While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the tablecloth off the table smashing half your best crockery and cutting himself in the process. You hang up hurriedly and attend to baby, crockery, etc. Meanwhile, the meal gets burnt. As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.
Things can go wrong on a big scale as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney. During the rush hour one evening two cars collided and both drivers began to argue. The woman immediately behind the two cars happened to be a learner. She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car. This made the driver following her brake hard. His wife was sitting beside him holding a large cake. As she was thrown forward, the cake went right through the windscreen and landed on the road. Seeing a cake flying through the air, a lorry driver who was drawing up alongside the car, pulled up all of a sudden. The lorry was loaded with empty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the vehicle and on to the road. This led to yet another angry argument. Meanwhile, the traffic piled up behind. It took the police nearly an hour to get the traffic on the move again. In the meantime, the lorry driver had to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles. Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake. It was just one of those days!

参考译文
我们大家都有过事事不顺心的日子。一天开始时，可能还不错，但突然间似乎一切都失去了控制。情况经常是这样的，许许多多的事情都偏偏赶在同一时刻出问题，好像是一件无关紧要的小事引起了一连串的连锁反应。假设你在做饭，同时又在照看孩子。这时电话铃响了。它预示着一连串意想不到的灾难的来临。就在你接电话时，孩子把桌布从桌子上扯下来，将家中最好的陶瓷餐具半数摔碎，同时也弄伤了他自己。你急急忙忙挂上电话，赶去照看孩子和餐具。这时，饭又烧糊了。好像这一切还不足以使你急得掉泪，你的丈夫接着回来了，事先没打招呼就带来3个客人吃饭。
就像许多人最近在悉尼郊区帕拉马塔发现的那样，有时乱子会闹得很大。一天傍晚交通最拥挤时，一辆汽车撞上前面一辆汽车，两个司机争吵起来。紧跟其后的一辆车上的司机碰巧是个初学者，她一惊之下突然把车停了下来。她这一停使得跟在后头的司机也来个急刹车。司机妻子正坐在他身边，手里托着块大蛋糕。她往前一冲，蛋糕从挡风玻璃飞了出去掉到马路上。此时，一辆卡车正好从后边开到那辆汽车边上，司机看见一块蛋糕从天而降，紧急刹车。卡车上装着空啤酒瓶。成百只瓶子顺势从卡车后面滑出车外落在马路上。这又引起一场唇枪舌剑的争吵。与此同时，后面的车辆排成了长龙，警察花了将近一个小时才使车辆又开起来。在这段时间里，卡车司机不得不清扫那几百只破瓶子。只有两只野狗从这一片混乱中得到好处，它们贪婪地吃掉了剩下的蛋糕。这就是事事不顺心的那么一天！

【课文讲解】

Every dog has its day 每个人都会有飞黄腾达的日子
get out of control 失控
uncontrollable, beyond control

invariably: always
What happened yesterday was that he couldn’t deal with the hot potato.
precisely: exactly

It is as if
It seems as if
It looks as if
似乎好象看起来

set up = cause 引起，导致，造成
What set up the accident?
set up a world record 创世界纪录
set up = creat 创立，建立
The unimportant event is the prelude to trouble. 不重要的事情是麻烦事的前奏。

keep an eye on tha baby 照料孩子
keep an eye on = look after = take care of
Please keep an eye on my bouse while I am out.
keep one’s eyes open 睁大眼睛
When I am out, please keep your eyes open.
have an eye to
eye for eye 以牙还牙
have eyes only for 只要，只爱
Eg: I have eyes only for you.
look sb in the eyes 两眼直视某人
eye to eye with sb 与某人看法完全一样
Eg: I invariably see eye to eye with my sister.
turn a blind eye to sth. 对……视而不见
Eg: He even turned blind eye to me.
make eyes at sb 含情报脉脉地看着某人
Eg: The boy is making eyes at his girlfriend.

L33-02 end 10’10”

L33-03 begin 10’05”

on teh phone = answer the phone

pull off 拉下来
pick off 取下来
knock off 碰落下来
smash half 摔成两半
in the process 在这个过程中
hang up == put on the receiver

attend to == look after == deal with
Please attend to my baby.
Excuse me, I have something urgent to attend to.

reduce you to tears.
reduce sb to + 名词：迫使某人处于……状态
Eg: You almost reduce me to tears.
His comforting words almost reduced his wife to tears.
His answer reduced me to silence.
The bomb reduced the city to ruins.

we can draw a conclusion.
Everything seems to get out of control suddenly and a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment.

on a big scale == to a great degree == to great extent
as 引导非限制性定语从句（二册已详细说过）

Troubles never come single 祸不单行
as we know 众所周知
As we know, the earth is round.
As brane pointed out, giving up smoking is the easiest thing to do in the world.
As the headmaster mentioned, one is never too old to learn.
as重点突出整个句子的含义，而which有可能指代主句当中的某个词汇，也有可能指代整个句子的含义。
As we expected, John was admitted to the university.
She married him, which was unexpected.
She married him as (was ) unexpected.

L33-03 end 10’05”

L33-04 begin 10’32”

The material is elastic as shown in the figure.
The material is elactic which is shown in the figure.

during the rush hour 上下班高峰期
It happened that the woman behind the two cars was a learner.
happen to do 恰巧
I happened to hear the news.
It happened that I heard about it the day before yesterday.
following 现在分词做定语
right ==straight
draw up ==pull up 停车
all of sudden ==suddenly
was loaned with == was filled with
lead to == cause
meanwhile == at the same time 与此同时
get the traffic on the move 使得车辆开动起来
on the move == move from place to place
on the rise 正在上升
on the boil 正在沸腾
on the go 正在忙碌中
on the watch 正在监视
on the turn 正在转变中
on thw run 正在逃跑中
on thw fly 正在飞行中
on the decrease 正在减少

benefit from 从......得益
You benefit a lot from your reading.

L33-04 end 10’32”

L33-05 begin 14’08”

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 What would have most upset the woman the day everything went wrong for her?
a. She had not expected her husband to arrive so early.
b. The meal she had cooked for the three guests had got burnt.
c. Her husband had not told her he was bringing anyone to dinner.
d. She had not got enough crockery left to serve the meal with.

2 What might have prevented a chain reaction following the initial collision?
a. If the two drivers who had collided had not begun to argue.
b. Had there been a more experienced driver behind the two cars.
c. If, instead of panicking, the woman had made no attempt to stop.
d. Had the wife of the man who braked not thrown a cake through the window.

3 There was a second angry argument because _____ .
a. the lorry driver blamed the owner of the cake for his accident
b. the traffic was extremely slow to get on the move again
c. the lorry driver did not think he shouldbe made to sweep up the glass
d. two dogs had devoured what was left of the cake

Structure
4 It is as if a single event that is _____ a chain of reactions. (ll.4-5)
a. no importance set up b. of no imortance set up
c. not any important sets up d. not any importance sets up
that is ...是定语从句修饰event
a single unimportant event

5 ---- you are preparing a meal _____ keeping an eye on the baby. (ll.6-7)
a. at the same time b. as you are c. as well d. while

6 As if this _____ you to tears …(l.10)
a. has not already reduced b. were not already reducing
c. did not already reduce d. would not already reduce

7 Immediately behind the two cars _____ happened to be a learner. (ll.13-14)
a. was a woman who b. a woman c. the woman d. there was the woman who

8 The police spent nearly an hour _____ the traffic on the move again. (ll.19-20)
a. to get b. until getting c. getting d. having got
spend ( time ) doing sth.

vocabulary
9 You are preparing a meal and _____ the baby at the same time. (ll.6-7)
a. looking at b. seeing c. watching d. seeing to

10 She stopped her car _____ a sudden panic. (l.14)
a. into b. in c. from d. with
in panic / in terror / in fear / in horror

11 Hundreds of them _____ the back of the vehicle … (ll.18-19)
a. slipped off b. slid down c. slid over d. slipped under
slid over 躲过
He slid over the question without answering it.

12 They greedily devoured the _____ of the cake. (ll.21-22)
a. left b. leave c. leftover d. remains
leftovers 吃剩的东西（常用复数形式）
The leftovers of the meal were fed to the dog.

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. D

L33-05 8’06” [ Lesson 32 49:04 ]

(L33-05_34-01 begin 5’58” ) [ Lesson 34 56:42 ]
§ Lesson 34 A happy discovery 幸运的发现
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●antique n. 古玩
●fascination n. 魅力，迷惑力
●forbidding adj. 望而生畏的，望而却步的
●muster v. 鼓起
●pretentious adj. 自命不凡的，矫饰的
●labyrinth n. 迷宫
●musty adj. 陈腐的，发霉的
●rarity n. 稀世珍品
●assorted adj. 各式各样的
●junk n. 破料货，废品
●litter v. 杂乱地布满
●dedicated adj. 专心致志的
●bargain hunter 到处找便宜货买的人
●dealer v. 商人
●cherish v. 期望，渴望
●amply adv. 足够地
●masterpiece n. 杰作
●mere adj. 仅仅的
●prise v. 撬开
●carve v. 镌刻
●dagger n. 短剑，匕首
●miniature adj. 小巧的，小型的
●Composition n. 构图

■antique n. 古玩
■fascination n. 魅力，迷惑力
the power of fascinating
for / over / on
Cats have unfailing fascination for most people
Chinese Art has great fascination for me
have fascination for sb.
fascinate
fascinate: attract or interest very strongly
Cats never fail to fascinate human being.
English never fail to fascinate students.
fascinated by / with sth.
He is fascinated with chess.
The students were fascinated by his idea.
charm
The beautiful picture charms me.
I am charmed by the beautiful picture.
captivate
His idea captivated me.
enchant 使...迷惑
She was enchanted by the flower you sent her.

fascinate, charm, captivate, enchant 后直接加ing, 变成形容词
fascinating, charming, captivating, enchanting 表示‘有吸引力的’

L33-05_34-01 end 14’08”

L34-02 begin 14’21”

She is a charming girl.
Cats are fascinating animals.
The flowers are enchanting.
winning 吸引人的（主要指物品）
Eg: The beautiful dresses is winning.

■forbidding adj. 望而生畏的，望而却步的
having a unfriendly or danger look
He has got a forbidding appearance.
We’d better not visit the forbidding coast.
forbid
forbid sb to do sth 禁止做某事
Eg: The father forbid his children to touch the clavichord.
forbid doing sth 禁止做……事
Smoking is forbidden here.
the Forbidden City
Forbidden fruit
Forbidden zone
forbid, prohibit, interdict
forbid: 政府或私人下令以禁止
Swimming is forbidden here.
prohibit 法律条文或官方明令禁止
The law prohibits young people under 18 from going to bar.
interdict 法律或教会所不允许

■muster v. 鼓起
collect, summon
muster up / collect up / summon up ==gather / pluck up / keep up
He mustered up his courage and walked up to the girl.

■pretentious adj. 自命不凡的，矫饰的
We won’t like to visit the pretentious shop.
pretend
pretension n. 要求，虚荣，虚荣心

■labyrinth n. 迷宫
■musty adj. 陈腐的，发霉的
■rarity n. 稀世珍品
■assorted adj. 各式各样的
various 无效s mixed together

assorted/ different / various / diverse
different 强调此事物与彼事物完全不同
Eg: The word glare is different from that word slare.
various = all kinds of 强调种类数目不同
Eg: We have got various books.
in every part / all parts / various parts of the world
diverse 强调性质不同
We have got diverse opinion.
assorted : various 无效s mixed together. 各种各样的
assorted chocolates
He bought a bag of assorted fruits.

■junk n. 破料货，废品
表示“垃圾”的词汇： rubbish / garbage / trash / junk

■litter v. 杂乱地布满
■dedicated adj. 专心致志的
■bargain hunter 到处找便宜货买的人
■dealer v. 商人
businessman / trader / merchant / tradesman
dealer "商人"侧重于零售，相当于tradesman.
peddler 小贩
■cherish v. 期望，渴望
entertain or keep hope, love etc. in mind deeply
Eg: She cherishes the hope that her son will return.
Don't cherish such illusion
don't cherish such illusion that…… 别抱有……的幻想
Eg: Don't cherish the illusion that your father will always pay your debts.

■amply adv. 足够地
ample/enough / sufficient / adequate
enough : 数量，程度足够 (可放在名词前或后)
ample : 充足而有余的
sufficent 比enough 正式，且只能放在名词前面
The bread is just enough for one meal.
He is old enough to go to the party.
We have sufficient food to last one week.
We have enough food / food enough to last one week.
sufficiently 只放在被修饰词前
old enough / sufficiently old
adequate 数量和质量上的满足
The performance is adequate.
Don’t be worried. They have gotten ample time.
ample / adequate / sufficient / enough
Whatever you do, you must put your heart into it. And then, someday you will be rewarded amply.

■masterpiece n. 杰作
■mere adj. 仅仅的
■prise v. 撬开
■carve v. 镌刻
■dagger n. 短剑，匕首
■miniature adj. 小巧的，小型的
■Composition n. 构图

【Text】要求全文背诵
§ Lesson 34 A happy discovery 幸运的发现
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
what was the ‘happy discovery’?

Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people. The more expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases to keep them free from dust is usually a forbidding place. But no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious antique shop. There is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms a real rarity will be found amongst the piles of assorted junk that litter the floors.
No one discovers a rarity by chance. A truly dedicated bargain hunter must have patience, and above all, the ability to recognize the worth of something when he sees it. To do this, he must be at least as knowledgeable as the dealer. Like a scientist bent on making a discovery, he must cherish the hope that one day he will be amply rewarded.
My old friend, Frank Halliday, is just such a person. He has often described to me how he picked up a masterpiece for a mere ￡50. One Saturday morning, Frank visited an antique shop in my neighbourhood. As he had never been there before, he found a great deal to interest him. The morning passed rapidly and Frank was about to leave when he noticed a large packing case lying on the floor. The dealer told him that it had just come in, but that he could not be bothered to open it. Frank begged him to do so and the dealer reluc-
tantly prised it open. The contents were disappointing. Apart from an interesting -looking carved dagger, the box was full of crockery, much of it broken. Frank gently lifted the crockery out of the box and suddenly noticed a miniature Painting at the bottom of the packing case. As its composition and line reminded him of an Italian painting he knew well, he decided to buy it. Glancing at it briefly, the dealer told him that it was worth ￡50. Frank could hardly conceal his excitement, for he knew that he had made a real discovery. The tiny painting proved to be an unknown masterpiece by Correggio and was worth thousands of pounds.

参考译文
古玩店对许多人来说有一种特殊的魅力。高档一点的古玩店为了防尘，把文物漂亮地陈列在玻璃柜子里，那里往往令人望而却步。而对不太装腔作势的古玩店，无论是谁都不用壮着胆子才敢往里进。人们还常常有希望在发霉、阴暗、杂乱无章、迷宫般的店堂里，从杂乱地摆放在地面上的、一堆堆各式各样的破烂货里找到一件稀世珍品。
无论是谁都不会一下子就发现一件珍品。一个到处找便宜的人必须具有耐心，而且最重要的是看到珍品时要有鉴别珍品的能力。要做到这一点，他至少要像古董商一样懂行。他必须像一个专心致志进行探索的科学家那样抱有这样的希望，即终有一天，他的努力会取得丰硕的成果。
我的老朋友弗兰克.哈利戴正是这样一个人。他多次向我详细讲他如何只花50英镑便买到一位名家的杰作。一个星期六的上午，弗兰克去了我家附近的一家古玩店。由于他从未去过那儿，结果他发现许多有趣的东西。上午很快过去了，弗兰克正准备离去，突然看见地板上放着一只体积很大的货箱。古董商告诉他那只货箱刚到不久，但他嫌麻烦不想把它打开。经弗兰克恳求，古董商才勉强把货箱撬开了。箱内东西令人失望。除了一柄式样别致、雕有花纹的匕首外，货箱内装满陶器，而且大部分都已破碎裂。弗兰克轻轻地把陶器拿出箱子，突然发现在箱底有一幅微型画，画面构图与纸条使他想起一幅他所熟悉的意大利画，于是他决定将画买了下来。古董商漫不经心看了一眼那幅画，告诉弗兰克那画值50英镑。弗兰克几乎无法掩饰自己兴奋的心情，因为他明白自己发现了一件珍品。那幅不大的画原来是柯勒乔的一幅未被发现的杰作，价值几十万英镑。

【课文讲解】

Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people.
L34-02 end 14’21”

L34-03 begin 14’00”

exert a peculiar fascination on sb 对某人有一种特殊的魅力
Antique ships appeak to a great many people.
Shoe shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many ladies.
The more expensive kind of antique shop is usually a forbidding place.

rare objects 珍品
rarity
keep sb. or sth. free from
You can’t keep yourselves free from anxieties like tramps.
We put our books in bookcase to keep them free from dust.

The forbidding antique shop is pretentious.
The more expensive kind of clothing shop is usually a forbidding place. But no one has to muster up courage to enter a less pretentious clothing shop.

There is always hope that …… 人们还常常希望
We cherish the hope that ......

Pieces of paper litter the floor. / The floor is littered with pieces of paper.

paragraph 1 Key structure
exert a peculiar fascination on sb 对某人有一种特殊的魅力
keep sb. or sth. free from
muster up courage
a less pretentious shop
There is always hope that …… 人们还常常希望

by chance / by accident
dedicated / concentrated
Eg: He is a truly dedicated scholar.
He is a truly dedicated English learner.
above all : most important of all
To do this: in order to discover a rarity

be bent on/ bent upon doing sth/ be determined on doing sth/ be devoted to sth. /be engageed in doing
潜心于,专心于……
Eg: He is bent on winning the game.
He is bent on becoming a bridge player.

L34-03 end 14’00”

L34-04 begin 13’59”

There is always hope that ...
cherish the hope that...
You must cherish the hope that one day you will be amply reward.

Paragraph 2 Key structure
by chance
a truly dedicated person
above all
the ability to do something
as knowledgeable as
bent on doing
cherish the hope that...

Paragraph 3

for 花费
a mere : only
He found a lot of interesting things.
be about to do sth.
be about to when…… 正要……的时候……（发生某事）
Eg: I was about to leave when the telehone rang.
He was about to lock door when his friend visited him.

bother: trouble
Don’t bother / trouble to come here tomorrow.
I would not like to be bothered / troubled by you every day.
disturb
The news has distured me very much
It is disturbing to think that a wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
disturbing / disturbed
trouble在含义上介于disturb / bother 之间

apart from 除......之外，还有
in addtion to
except
Eg: Apart from a slight headache, I feel all right now.

the box was full of crockery, and much of it was broken.
Dish is done, he begged his wife not to sweep the floor.
She ran into the room, her face covered with tears.
He lay in bed, his face exposed.

at the bottom of 在底部
at the top of 在顶部
remind sb. of
conceal one’s excitement 掩饰激动心情
make a real discovery
hundreds of thousands of 几十万

Paragraph 3 Key structure
for a mere ￡50
im my neighbourhood
he found a great deal to interest him
was about to do when
The dealer told him that it had just come in, but that he could not be bothered to open it.
prised it open
Apart from
much of it broken
at the bottom of
reminded sb. of sth.
for he knew that he had made a real discovery
was worth hundreds of thousands of pounds

L34-04 end 13’59”

L 34-05 begin 10’59”

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 When Frank Halliday visited an antique shop in the writer’s neighbourhood _____ .
a. it was by no means the first time he had picked up a masterpiece for ￡50
b. he displayed the kind of perseverance needed to find a rarity
c. he spent a short time searching in the morning before deciding to leave
d. he found most of what he looked at rather boring
displayed the kind of perseverance 展现出坚韧不拔的毅力
过去分词做定语修饰perseverance
perseverance needed to do
perseverance needed to learn English well
Our students displayed the kind of perseverance needed to learn English well.

2 How did Frank come to discover the miniature by Correggio?
a. He was shown it by the dealer who did not realize its worth.
b. He persuaded the dealer to open the box in which it happened to be.
c. By concealing his excitement on being told the price wanted for it.
d. By lifting a box of crockery which had been concealing the painting.
happen to be 恰巧

3 Frank decided to buy the miniature because _____ .
a. it was an Italian painting he knew well
b. it only cost ￡50
c. he knew he had made a real discovery
d. it was similar to a painting he knew well

Structure
4 Rare objects are beautifully displayed in glass cases _____ them free from dust. (ll.2-4)
a. which are keeping b. which keep c. who keep d. and kept
原文： to keep them free from dust
which 引导定语从句，限定glass cases

5 But it is not necessary _____ up courage to enter an ordinary sho.(ll.4-5)
a. for nobody to muster b. to have mustered c. that one musters d. for anyone tomuster
ordinary ==> less pretentious
it is not necessary ...

6 A bargain hunter must have patience, and above all, _____ recognize the worth of … (ll.8-9)
a. can b. is able to c. ba able to d. be capable of
the ability
be able to do == have the ability to do
be capable of + 动名词

7 _____ there, he found a great deal to interest him. (ll.13-14)
a. This being his first visit b. Never having been before
c. This being his first time to visit d. Having never been before
he had never been there before ...
b选项应为：Never having been there before,
c选项：the first time to do sth. 要去做某事

8 The dealer told him it _____ him ￡50. (ll.20-21)
a. cost b. had cost c. will cost d. would cost
cost 的相应形式

Vocabulary
9 Frank visited an antique shop _____ . (l.13)
a. next door b. in my county c. near my home d. owned by my neighbour
in my neighbourhood == near my home

10 Frank was _____ leaving when … (ll.14-15)
a. almost b. just c. only d. hardly
just ...when...: 刚......就 ......; 正在...... 突然

11 A case which needs prising open has probably been _____ …(ll.15-17)
a. nailed down b. roped c. locked d. unlocked
nailed down: 用钉子钉住
rope:用绳子拴住，捆住

12 The dealer gave it a brief _____ and told him … (ll.20-21)
a. peer b. eye c. glance d. regard
Glancing at it briefly
give sth. a brief glance
peer :眯着眼睛看
重点习题：2、7、10。

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. C

L34-05 8’33” [ Lesson 34 56:42 ]

（L34-05_35-01 begin 2’22”） [ Lesson 35 42:05 ]
§ Lesson 35 Justice was done 伸张正义
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●justice n. 正义，公正；司法
●coust n. 法院
●law n. 法律
●innocence n. 无辜
●undertake v. 承担，着手做
●arduous adj. 艰苦的，艰难的
●abstract adj. 抽象的
●concept n. 概念，观念
●mete out 给予，处置
●interference n. 干涉
●accord n. 一致
●premises n. 房屋
●convert v. 转变，改变
●disused adj. 不再用的，废弃的
●fireplace n. 壁炉
●muffle v. 捂住，厌抑
●chip v. 砍，削，凿
●bkacken v. 不变黑
●emerge v. （从某处）出现

●justice n. 正义，公正；司法
Justice is done 正义得到伸张
bring justice to the criminal 把罪犯缉拿归案
do justice to sb 公正地对待某人
give oneself up to justice 自首
in justice to sth/ sb. 为了对……公正起见
Eg: They decided to investigate the case in justice to person.为了对这件案件公正起见，他们决定调查这个案件

L34-05_35-01 end 10’59”

L35-02 begin 10’07”

injustice 不公平，不公正

●coust n. 法院
●law n. 法律
take law into one's own hand 无法无天
take the law of sb 控告
at law 在诉讼中
within the law 合法
outside the law 不合法
lawyer 律师
lawful 有法可依的
laefully adv.
lawless 无法可依的
lawlessly adv.

●innocence n. 无辜
inocent adj. 无辜的

●undertake v. 承担，着手做
take up
undertake to do 承担，开始做
开始做…………
start to do sth/ take off doing sth / be engaged in sth / set out to do / set about doing / perform sth.
... on the way 在进行中
The discuss on the way.

●arduous adj. 艰苦的，艰难的
Study English is an arduous job.
-ous adj.
industrious,
laborious,
strenuous

●abstract adj. 抽象的
●concept n. 概念，观念
●mete out 给予，处置

●interference n. 干涉
●accord n. 一致
==agree with
in accord with 和……一致
out of accord with 和……不一致
of one's own accord 自然而然的
Justice is down of it’s own accord.
according to: 依据，根据
in accordance with 依据(法律，规章，制度),比较正式

●premises n. 房屋
residence 住处，居留地（正式用法）
dwelling 供人居住的地方
house 住房
housing 房（总称）
The housing problem

●convert v. 转变，改变
●disused adj. 不再用的，废弃的
misused 弄错了的
used 用过了的
second hand 二手的

●fireplace n. 壁炉
●muffle v. 捂住，厌抑
●chip v. 砍，削，凿
chop 砍

●blacken v. 不变黑
●emerge v. （从某处）出现

【Text】
§ Lesson 35 Justice was done 伸张正义
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
The word ‘justice’ is given two different meanings in the text. What is the distinction between them?

The word justice is usually associated with courts of law. We might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence or guilt has been proved beyond doubt. Justice is part of the complex machinery of the law. Those who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it. Judges, however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.
There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract conception. Reward or punishment are meted out quite independent of human interference. At such times, justice acts like a living force. When we use a phrase like it serves him right, we are, in part, admitting that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its own accord.
When a thief was caught on the premises of a large fur store one morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right'. The shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys. Towards midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one of the walls. As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager who promptly rang up the fire brigade. The cry had certainly come from one of the chimneys, but as there were so many of them, the fire fighters could not be certain which one it was. They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the man's cries. After chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick, they found that a man had been trapped in the chimney. As it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move, but the firemen were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the wall. The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, at once admitted that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in the chimney. He had been there for nearly ten hours. Justice had been done even before the man was handed over to the police.

参考译文
“正义”这个词常常是同法庭连在一起的。当某人被证据确凿地证明无罪的时候，我们也许会说正义得到了伸张。正义是复杂的法律机器组成部分。那些寻求正义的人走的是一条崎岖的道路，从来没有把握他们最终将到正义。法官无论如何聪明与有名，毕竟也是人，也会出差错的。
在个别情况下，正义不再是一种抽象概念。奖惩的实施是不受人意志支配的。在这种时候，正义像一种有生命的力量行使其职能。当我们说“他罪有应得”这句话的时候，我们部分承认了某种特定的环境使得正义自动地起了作用。
一天上午，当一个小偷在一家大型珠宝店里被人抓住的时候，店员一定会忍不住说：“他罪有应得。”那是一座老式的、经过改造的房子，店里有许多废置不用的大壁炉和又高又窄的烟囱。快到中午的时候，一个女售货员听见从一堵墙里传出一种闷声闷气的叫声。由于这种喊叫声重复了几次，她跑去报告经理，经理当即给消防队挂了电话。喊叫声肯定是从烟囱里传出来的，然而，因为烟囱太多，消防队员无法确定到底是哪一个。他们通过叫击烟囱倾叫声而确定传出声音的那个烟囱。他们凿透了18英寸厚的墙壁，发现有个人卡在烟囱里。由于烟囱太窄，那人无法动弹。消防队员在墙上挖了个大洞，才终于把他解救出来。那个看来满脸沮丧、浑身漆黑的家伙从烟囱里一出来，就承认头天夜里他企图到店里行窍，但让烟囱卡住了。他已经在烟囱里被困了将近10个小时。甚至在那人还没被送交给警察之前，正义就已得到了伸张。

【课文讲解】

be associated with == be connected with, be related to 与......相联系
we might say that: 我们也许会说

L35-02 end 10’07”

L35-03 begin 10’39”

beyond prep. 超出某种范围，限度（与名词搭配）
beyond believe 难以相信
beyond words 难以形容
beyond de脚本ion 难以描述
beyond question 难以置疑
beyond hope 没有希望
beyond recovery 康复无望
beyond dispute 无可争议
beyond contention 无可争辨
beyond imagination 难以想像
beyond meature 难以度量
beyond understanding 无法理解
beyond comparing
beyond one’s +名词超出了某人的......
beyond his power.
You are beyond his recognition.
Your beauty is beyond my de脚本ion.
The text is beyond the student comprehension.

part of 部分(+单数名词)
pars of 几部分，若干部分(+单数名词)

背熟：Those who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that they will find it.

however== no matter how

judges:

There are rare instances when+从句 : 在极个别的情况下
There are rare instances when women are not equal to men.

cease （正式）彻底的停止，暗示动作的突然性
His heart suddenly cease to beat.
sease to do

stop:(广泛，不正式)不强调方式，只强调结果

L35-03 end 10’39”

L35-04 begin 10’32”

quite independent of human interference ----形容词短语做定语，说明主句的状况
He deserves it / It serves him right 罪有应得

At such times: 在有的时候
we are, in part, admitting that
enabled sb. to do
of its own accord

When a thief was caught on the premises of a large fur store one morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the temptation to say 'it serves him right'.
found it impossible to resist the temptation to say ...（双否）
I found it impossible to resist the temptation to buy the beauty dress.

come from behind 从后面
promptly = immediately

located the right chimney
by tapping at the walls and listening for the man’s cries
Eg: We are listening for the clock to announce the New Year.

get stuck 被卡住了

L35-04 end 10’32”

L35-05 end 9’34”

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 In what circumstances may justice take effect outside the courts of law?
a. When a judge has proved neither eminent nor wise.
b. When it has not been possible to prove a man’s guilt beyond any doubt.
c. When justice has been done without the interference of a human agent.
d. When, for example, a man is caught and handed over to the police.
take effect 起作用
请背熟题干

2 Why did the manager ring up the fire brigade?
a. He thought that one of the chimneys was on fire.
b. He expected them to be of most help in the circumstances.
c. He had not realized there was a criminal on the premises.
d. He thought whoever was stuck might be a member of the fire brigade.

3 The fire fighters ascertained which chimney the man was in by _____ .
a. deciding which of the many cries came from the right chimney
b. listening for the man’s response th their taps on the walls.
c. chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches thick
d. cutting a hige hole in the wall
ascertained

Structure
4 ____ wise or eminent, judges arehiman and can make mistakes. (ll.5-6)
a. Whether b. Either c. How much d. No matter how

5 In our use of a phrase like ‘it serves him right’ _____ , in part, admitting … (ll.8-10)
a. is b. it is c. we are b. and in

6 The staff must have found it impossible _____ to say ‘it serves him right’. (ll.11-12)
a. they were not tempted b. for them not to be tempted
c. to be tempted d. not to be tempted
be tempted to do

7 _____ several times, she ran to tell the manager. (l.14)
a. Repeating the cry b. While the cry was repeated
c. The cry being repeated d. Having repeated the cry

8 ---- admitted that _____ to break into the shop during the night, he had got stuck in the chimney. (ll.20-21)
a. although he had tried b. while he has tried c. in trying d. it was he who had tried
In speaking to him, I found him nervous.

Vocabulary
9 She _____ the cry several times, so she ran … (ll.14-15)
a. heard b. listened to c. listened for d. earmarked

10 They located the chimney _____ by tapping …(ll.16-17)
a. on the right b. well c. right away d. correctly

11 The blackened figure that emerged was _____ sight. (l.20)
a. an ugly b. a sorry c. an apologetic d. a poor
12 The sorry-looking blackened figure that _____ , admitted at once … (l.20)
a. came to light b. came up c. went out d. got out
emerge (侧重强调公布于众) ： come to light
本文表示出来
come up 意外发生

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. D

L35-05 8’29” [ Lesson 35 42:05 ]

（L35-05_36-01 1’03”） [ Lesson 36 36:11 ]
§ Lesson 36 A chance in a million 百万分之一的机遇
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●credulous adj. 轻信的
●improbable adj. 不大可能的
●obscure adj. 不起眼的
●maidservant n. 女仆，女佣
●presume v. 假定
●wickedly adv. 心眼坏地，居心叵测地
●plot v. 密谋
●downfall n. 倒台，垮台
●naïve adj. 天真的
●unacceptable adj. 不能接受的
●conspire v. （事件）巧合促成
●incredible adj. 难以置信的
●resemblance n. 相似
●scorn n. 嘲弄，挖苦
●acquaint v. 使了解
●reunite v. 使团聚
●assume v. 假定，认为

L35-05_36-01 end 9’34”

L36-02 begin 9’32”

■credulous adj. 轻信的 (修饰人)
credible: 可信的，可靠的（修饰事物）
Eg: The story he told us is credible.
incredulous
incredible
believable
Eg; He demanded for believable explanation
unbelievable

■improbable adj. 不大可能的
■obscure adj. 不起眼的
Eg: The bus stopped at an obscure little town
令人费解的
An obscure figure can be seen through the fog.
vague 多用于比喻意，指不明确说明而造成的模糊不清

■maidservant n. 女仆，女佣
■presume v. 假定
vt.
presume that
presume: 假定 (根据过去的经验和感觉作出决断)
assume : 武断的，把尚未证实的作为依据，与事实不相符合
Eg: Let us assume that your words are fact
suppose : 最普通的用词，猜想、陈述自己的看法
Eg: I suppose that it was my fault.

■wickedly adv. 心眼坏地，居心叵测地
■plot v. 密谋
The criminals were plotting to rob the bank.
conspire: 众多人合谋做重大的犯法勾当，犹指反叛，不用于修饰单个人
scheme: 某人暗中设计狡诈的手段来谋求自己的私利
The man is scheme for power.

■downfall n. 倒台，垮台
■naïve adj. 天真的
■unacceptable adj. 不能接受的
■conspire v. （事件）巧合促成
vi.
The weather and car trouble conspire to spoil our vacation.

■incredible adj. 难以置信的
■resemblance n. 相似
likeness: 最普通的用语，比resemblance意味要强
bear a strong resemblance to sb. or sth.
The girl bears a strong resemblance to her sister.
such a resemblance
resemble 特别是指外观或外在性质的相似
similarity:性质、特色、程度的相似
The two envents which happened at the same time have got similarity
similar to sth. or sb.
They have got close likeness.

L36-02 end 9’32”

L36-03 begin 9’14”

■scorn n. 嘲弄，挖苦
pour scorn on
pour contempt on
pour ridicule on 对……嘲弄，挖苦，斥之以鼻
pour heap
Eg: He poured scorn on his wife’s suggestion.

look down upon / think scorn of 藐视
contempt: 蔑视，强烈谴责某人或某事低贱、卑鄙，语气强于scorn
despite: 语气较弱，表示嘲弄
Eg: His suggestion was dismissed with scorn.
His face showed the scorn he felt.

■acquaint v. 使了解
be acquainted with sth. 对……有所了解
acquaint sb. with sth. / acquaint sb. of sth. 告之某人某事
make a person acquainted with sb. 介绍某人同另一个人认识
Let me make ... acquainted with you (正式用法)
acquaintance n. 熟人
■reunite v. 使团聚
■assume v. 假定，认为

【Text】
§ Lesson 36 A chance in a million 百万分之一的机遇
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What was the chance in a million?

We are less credulous than we used to be. In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences ---- most of them wildly improbable. Readers happily accepted the fact that an obscure maidservant was really the hero's mother. A long-lost brother, who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the hero's downfall. And so on. Modern readers would find such naive solutions totally unacceptable. Yet, in real life, circumstances do sometimes conspire to bring about coincidences which anyone but a nineteenth century novelist would find incredible.
When I was a boy, my grandfather told me how a German taxi driver, Franz Bussman, found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years before. While on a walking tour with his wife, he stopped to talk to a workman. After they had gone on, Mrs Bussman commented on the workman's close resemblance to her husband and even suggested that he might be his brother. Franz poured scorn on the idea, pointing out that his brother had been killed in action during the war. Though Mrs Bussman was fully acquainted with this story, she thought that there was a chance in a million that she might be right. A few days later, she sent a boy to the workman to ask him if his name was Hans Bussman, Needless to say, the man's name was Hans Bussman and he really was Franz's long-lost brother. When the brothers were reunited, Hans explained how it was that he was still alive. After having been wounded towards the end of the war, he had been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit. The hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany on foot. Meanwhile, his unit was lost and all records of him had been destroyed. Hans returned to his family home, but the house had been bombed and no one in the neighbourhood knew what had become of the inhabitants. Assuming that his family had been killed during an air raid, Hans settled down in a village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since.

参考译文
我们不再像以往那样轻易相信别人了。在19世纪，小说家常在小说结尾处给读者准备一系列的巧合——大部分是牵强附会，极不可能的。当时的读者却愉快地接受这样一些事实，一个低贱的女佣实际上是主人公的母亲；主人公一位长期失散的兄弟，大家都以为死了，实际上一直活着，并且正在策划暗算主人公；如此等等，现代读者会觉得这种天真的结局完全无法接受。不过，在现实生活中，有时确实会出现一些巧合，这些巧合除了19世纪小说家外谁也不会相信。
当我是个孩子的时候，我祖父给我讲了一位德国出租汽车司机弗朗兹。巴斯曼如何找到了据信已在20年前死去的兄弟的事。一次，他与妻子徒步旅行。途中，停下来与一个工人交谈，接着他们继续往前走去。巴斯曼夫人说那工人与她丈夫相貌很像，甚至猜测他可能就是她丈夫的兄弟。弗朗兹对此不屑一顾，指出他兄弟已经在战争中阵亡了。尽管巴斯曼夫人熟知这个情况，但她仍然认为自己的想法仍有百万分之一的可能性。几天后，她派了一个男孩去问那人是否叫汉斯.巴斯曼。不出巴斯曼夫人所料，那人的名字真是汉斯.巴斯曼，他确实是弗朗兹失散多年的兄弟。兄弟俩团聚之时，汉斯说明了他活下来的经过，战争即将结束时，他负伤被送进医院，并与部队失去联系。医院遭到轰炸，汉斯步行回到了西德。与此同时，他所在部队被击溃，他的所有档案材料全部毁于战火。汉斯重返故里，但他的家已被炸毁，左邻右舍谁也不知原住户的下落，汉斯以为全家人都在空袭中遇难，于是便在距此50英里外的一座村子里定居下来，直至当日。

【课文讲解】

It is a chance in a million to meet you here.
He let out a scream that must can be heard in Peru.

背熟：We are less credulous than we used to be.
We are not so honest as we used to be.
谓语动词是be动词的时候用used to be,而不用used to
谓语动词是实义动词的时候用used to
He works less hard than he used to.

bring sth to a conclusion 结束 == bring sth to a close(更正式)
Eg: They decided to bring the meeting to a conclusion.
It was ... who brought meeting to a close.
present sb with sth. 向某人提供了……== present sth to sb.
背熟：who was presumed dead, was really alive all the time and wickedly plotting to bring about the hero's downfall.

L36-03 end 9’14”

L36-04 begin 9’40”

bring about 产生，影响
Modern science has brought about great changes in life.
背熟：find such naive solutions totally unacceptable
find sth. interesting 觉得某事有趣
find sth. beautiful 觉得某物漂亮

背熟：Mrs Bussman commented on the workman's close resemblance to her husband and even suggested that he might be his brother.
comment on sth 就……作出评论，评价-- remark on

Hans explained how it was that he was still alive.
Eg: I can’t explain how it is that he is still here.

make one’s way

become of ==happen to 发生遭遇，不幸的事件，多用于疑问句，主语必须是what / whatever
Eg: Whatever became of that girl?
Please explain what became of you yesterday.

用assuming, 而不用presuming;主观上的臆断、无事实根据的。

L36-04 end 9’40”

L36-05 begin 9’15”

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 What would a modern reader find totally unacceptable in a novel today?
a. having for a hero a man once presumed dead.
b. The happiness a hero might feel on being reunited with his mother.
c. Any character beign so wicked as to plot against the hero.
d. Two brothers, each presuming the other long since dead, meeting again by chance.

2 When Mrs. bussman suggested that the workman might be Franz’s brother _____ .
a. she was told for the first time that Hans had been killed
b. Franz objected to the idea of being associated with a workman
c. Franz was so sure his brother was dead he did not take her seriously
d. they were both too shy to ask the workman if this was so themselves

3 What did Hans Bussman do immediately after the war was over?
a. He went to hospital to have his woulds attended to.
b. He deserted his unit and walked back to his home town.
c. He inquired after his family’s where abouts but found no trace of them.
d. He settled in a village near his home, hoping his family would find him.

Structure
4 ---- his readers with a series of coincidences _____ wildly improbable. (ll.2-4)
a. mostly being b. most of which were c. most of them were d. which would be most

5 A long-lost brother had not in fact died and _____ to bring about the hero’s downfall. (ll.5-7)
a. wickedly plotting b. wickedly plotted c. been wickedly plotting d. had been wickedly plotting

6 He stopped _____ . (ll.11-12)
a. in order to talk to a workman b. a workman for a talk
c. talking to a workman d. so that he talked to a workman

7 She sent a boy to ask the workman _____ . (l.16)
a. what was he called b. what he was called c. how he was called d. if he was called

8 Meanwhile his unit was lost and _____ had been destroyed. (ll.20-21)
a. each of his records b. all records of him c. all records of his d. every record of his

Vocabulary
9 he found a brother who was thought to have been killed twenty years _____ . (ll.10-11)
a. ago b. back c. before hand d. previously
previously ==before

10 Mrs. bussman told her husband that he and the workman _____ … (ll.12-13)
a. had a close look b. had the same look c. looked very alike d. looked the same way
look表示人的外貌，长相应该采用复数形式

11 ---- there was the _____ chance she might be right. (l.15)
a. remotest b. scarcest c. greatest d. lightest
remote 既表示“遥远、偏僻的”，也表示“微弱的”，特别用来修饰chance, possibility

12 ---- how it had _____ that he was still alive. (l.18)
a. become b. arrived c. resulted d. come about
come about: happen
become of ==come about

多用于疑问句，尤其是How does it come about that?结构中

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. D

L36-05 6’47” [ Lesson 36 36:11 ]

(L36-05_37-01 begin 2’25”) [ Lesson 37 36:59 ]
§ Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express 开往威斯特海温的快车
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●express n. 快车；adj. 高速的
●punctual adj. 准时的;
●condition v. 使习惯于
●unshakable adj. 不可动摇的
●faith n. 信任
●cancel v. 取消
●exceptionally adv. 例外地
●dislocate v. 打乱（计划等）
●blame v. 责怪
●consult v. 请教，查阅
●direct adv. 径直地
●odd adj. 奇怪的，异常的
●reflect v. 细想
●advantage n. 优势
●mighty adj. 强大的，有力的
●dawdle v. 慢吞吞的动或做
●chug v. 咔嚓咔嚓地响
●lodge v. 提出
●comlaint n. 抱怨
●triumph n. 胜利
●asterisk n. 星号（*）
●conduct v. 引向，引导

■express n. 快车；adj. 高速的
express way: 高速公路
express train快车
special express 特快
through express 直快
stopping/ local train 慢车

■punctual adj. 准时的;
be punctual in doing sth. 在做……方面非常准时
be punctual to the minute 非常准时

L36-05_37-01 end 9’15”

L37-02 begin 8’35”

Eg: He is a man who’s punctual to the minute.
punctually adv.
unpunctual ant.
punctuality n.

■condition v. 使习惯于
==form a habit in
Eg: This society has conditioned each of us.
be conditioned to 习惯了……
Eg: Each of us has been conditioned to the society.
The plants has been conditioned to the cold weather here.
The cold weather has conditioned the plants here.

condition 条件
on condition that 在……条件下如果
on no condition 在任何情况下，用在句首句子要倒装
On no condition must you be late.
in good/ bad condition 情况良好/情况糟糕
change one's condition 结婚
in the interesting condition : 怀孕 pregnant

■unshakable adj. 不可动摇的
■faith n. 信任
keep faith with sb. 对……守信用
put one's faith in sth 对……有信心
on the faith of 在……的保障下，凭……的信用
faith 深信不疑，信仰，比belief 程度重一点
belief: 可信赖，可接受
conviction 坚定的信念
trust 相信，依赖
credit 对……完全相信

■cancel v. 取消
call off == cancel 可以互相替换
abolish 废除
rescind 撤销，废止
write off 注销，勾销
cross out 划掉

■exceptionally adv. 例外地
■dislocate v. 打乱（计划等）
■blame v. 责怪
■consult v. 请教，查阅
■direct adv. 径直地
■odd adj. 奇怪的，异常的
■reflect v. 细想
reflect on sth 细想……
reflect upon oneself 自我反省

■advantage n. 优势
take advantage of sb/sth 欺骗……并利用
of great/no advantage to sb/sth 对……有（没有）好处
to advantage 更有效地
have advantage over sb 胜过某人，比某人有优势

L37-02 end 8’35”

L37-03 begin 9’42”

interest 个人的利益，好处
benefit 通过正当手段谋求的好处
profit 金钱上的获益
good 个人或集体的利益

■mighty adj. 强大的，有力的
■dawdle v. 慢吞吞的动或做
■chug v. 咔嚓咔嚓地响
■lodge v. 提出
make/ lodge complaint 提出抱怨

■comlaint n. 抱怨
■triumph n. 胜利
■asterisk n. 星号（*）
■conduct v. 引向，引导

【Text】
§ Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express 开往威斯特海温的快车
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What was the mistake the author made?

We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual. After years of conditioning, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables. Ships may be delayed by storms; air flights may be cancelled because of bad weather; but trains must be on time. Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocate railway services. It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong. The truth is that when mistakes occur, they are more likely to be ours than theirs.
After consulting my railway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven. It went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a mere hour and seventeen minutes. When I boarded the train, I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well. At the time, this did not strike me as odd. I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service. Neither was I surprised when the train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the line. Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals. But when the train dawdled at station after station, I began to wonder. It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging along at thirty. One hour and seventeen minutes passed and we had not even covered half the distance. I asked a passenger if this was the Westhaven Express, but he had not even heard of it. I determined to lodge a complaint as soon as we arrived. Two hours later, I was talking angrily to the station master at Westhaven. When he denied the train's existence, I borrowed his copy of the timetable. There was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white. Glancing at it briefly, he told me to look again. A tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page. It said: 'This service has been suspended.'

参考译文
我们已经习惯于相信火车总是准点的。经过多年的适应，大多数人对火车时刻表产生了一种不可动摇的信念。轮船船期可能因风暴而推延，飞机航班可能因恶劣天气而取消，唯有火车必然是准点的。只有非同寻常的大雪才可能暂时打乱铁路运行。因此，一旦铁路上真出了问题，人们便不加思索地责备铁路当局。事实上，差错很可能是我们自己，而不是铁路当局的。
我查看了列车时刻表，满意地了解到有一趟去威斯特海温的快车。这是趟直达车，旅途总共才需1小时17分钟。上车后，我不禁注意到许多当地人也上了车。一开始，我并不感到奇怪，我想除我之外，想利用快车之便的也一定大有人在。火车开出几英里即在一个小站威德里停了下来。对此，我不觉得奇怪，因为即便是特别快车也可能被信号拦住。但是，当火车一站接着一站往前蠕动时，我便产生了怀疑。我突然感到这趟快车并没以时速90英里的速度呼啸前进，而是卟哧卟哧地向前爬行，时速仅30英里。1小时17分过去了，走了还不到一半路程。我问一位乘客，这是不是开往威斯特海温的那趟快车，他说从未听说过有这么一趟快车。我决定到目的地就给铁路部门提意见。两小时后，我气呼呼地同威斯特海温站站长说起此事。他说根本没有这趟车。于是我借他本人的列车时刻表，我带着一种胜利者的调子告诉他那趟车白纸黑字。明明白白印在时刻表上。他迅速地扫视了一眼，让我再看一遍。一个小小的星形符号把我的目光引到了那页底部一个说明上。上面写着：“此趟列车暂停运行。”

【课文讲解】
背诵：We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual.
We' ve learnt to expect that …… 我们已经习惯于期盼……

背诵：After years of conditioning, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables.
develop an unshakable faith in sth 对……产生了……样的信念

背诵：Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocate railway services.

It is all too easy to blame......
too...to句型中，在too前出现了all, only, but, not等词的时候，to就有肯定意义
Eg:He was but too eager to get home.
One is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老

be likely to do 有可能 ...
Eg: You are likely to get success if you work hard.
It is likely that...
It is likely that he arrived here in time.
probable 不能与不定式搭配比possible 可能性大
Eg: It is probable / possible that...
Eg: It is probable / possible that he will speak to you.
It is possible for us to finish the work in an hour.

L37-03 end 9’42”

L37-04 begin 9’01”

go direct from ... to ...

strike sb as 给某人以……印象，使某人感到;as后面可以接分词、名词、形容词搭配连用。
Eg: The activity atroke me as wasting time.

背熟：I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service.

hold up==hold back, hinder, prevent

dawn on sb 渐渐被某人明白
barely==only

in black and white 白纸黑字

Key structure

We' ve learnt to expect that …… 我们已经习惯于期盼……
We' ve learnt to expect that …… 我们已经习惯于期盼……
It is all too easy to blame......
too...to句型中，在too前出现了all, only, but, not等词的时候，to就有肯定意义
be likely to do 有可能 ...
It is likely that...
The first paragraph is important
go direct from ... to ...
strike sb as 给某人以……印象，使某人感到;as后面可以接分词、名词、形容词搭配连用。
hold up==hold back, hinder, prevent
dawn on sb 渐渐被某人明白
in black and white 白纸黑字

L37-04 end 9’01”

L37-05 begin 11’40”

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 When the writer consulted his railway timetable _____ .
a. he wanted to find out how long the express train to Westhaven took
b. he wanted to know the quickest way of getting to Westhaven by rail
c. he did not notice how many stations there were on the way to Westhaven
d. he misread the information concerning the time the journey took
by rail ==by train

2 At what point did the writer realize that the train was not travelling at the speed of an express train?
a. When the train had reached the station after Widley.
b. When the train had been held up by signals.
c. After the train had stopped at several small stations.
d. After the train had covered a distance of thirty miles.
at the speed of 以……的速度
express train 特快列车

3 When the writer went to the station master, he complained about _____ .
a. the train scheduled as an express train having in fact been a slow one
b. the lack of colour in the timetable
c. the lack of any express trains from his local station to Westhaven
d. the fact that the Westhaven express had been suspended from service
complain about/of 抱怨

Structure
4 We have learnt to expect _____ punctual. (l.1)
a. trains being b. trains to be c. of trains being d. trains are going to be

5 _____ exceptionally heavily might railway services be temporarily dislocated. (ll.5-6)
a. If only it smowed b. Only in case it snows c. Only were it to snow d. Only when snow
only所引导的状语从句用在句首，句子必须倒装， if条件句，如果if省略,were要前置

6 The express train went direct from my local station to Westhaven _____ a mere hour and seventeen minutes. (l.10)
a. in b. lasting c. a journey which lasted d. a journey of

7 One hour and seventeen minutes passed _____ still to cover half the distance. (ll.16-17)
a. before we had b. before having c. when we had d. and we had
用a选项，则题干中的still应去掉。

8 When he denied the train’s existence, I asked if I _____ borrow his copy. (ll.19-20)
a. can b. may c. might d. was able to

Vocabulary
9 Even a mighty express train can be _____ by signals. (l.14)
a. halted b. retarded c. slowed up d. delayed
held up == delayed
halt 停止
retard 防止
slow up 减慢

10 I determined to lodge a complaint _____ on arrival. (l.18)
a. firstly b. punctually c. straight d. immediately

11 _____ , I told him that it was there in black and white. (ll.20-21)
a. Noting my triumph b. Sounding triumphant c. On a triumphant note d. In my triumphant voice

12 Glancing at it briefly, he told me I should _____ . (l.21)
a. take another look b. review it c. oerlook it d. have second sight
review 复习
overlook 忽视，宽恕，检查，监督

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. A

L37-05 7’20” [ Lesson 37 36:59 ]

（L37-05_38-01 begin 4’19” ） [ Lesson 38 44:52 ]
§ Lesson 38 The first calender 最早的日历
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●calendar n. 历法，日历
●historian n. 历史学家
●unique adj. 无与伦比的
●steadily adv. 不断地
●solely adv. 唯一地
●video n. 录像
●CD-ROM n. （只读）光盘驱动器
●bewilder v. 令人眼花缭乱
●deduce v. 推断，推理
●scanty adj. 不足的，贫乏的
●clue n. 线索
●insignificant adj. 不重要的
●shed v. 使流出，泻
●advent n. 出现，到来，来临
●agriculture n. 农业
●assumption n. 假定，设想
●dot n. 小圆点
●symbol n. 符号
●engrave v. 雕刻
●ivory n. 象牙制品
●mammoth n. （古）长毛象
●phase n. 月相，天相
●tusk n. 獠牙，长牙、象牙
●primitive adj. 原始的
●nomad n. 游牧民
●depict v. 描画，描绘
●correlate v. 使相互联系

■calendar n. 历法，日历
calender 轮压机

■historian n. 历史学家
historic 具有历史意义的
This is a historic speech.
historical 与历史研究有关系的
historical research 历史研究

■unique adj. 无与伦比的
unique: uneaqualed
Speech is a unique human ability
unique 不能接受比较级，可以接受quite, almost, nearly, surely, really等修饰，但不能接受rather,very等词的修饰。
unique 独一无二的，因唯一而独特
speical 注重性质的特殊
especial 强调超过其他的全部
Eg: This is a matter of especial importance.
This is a especially important matter.
particular 特定的，着重同类中某一个所有独特的性质
Pineapples have particular flavour. 菠萝有特别的味道。
exceptional
extraordinary 特别的，与众不同的
Eg: The warm weather is exceptional for Jamuary.

L37-05_38-01 end 11’40”

L38-02 begin 10’46”

■steadily adv. 不断地
■solely adv. 唯一地
■video n. 录像
■CD-ROM n. （只读）光盘驱动器
■bewilder v. 令人眼花缭乱
bewilder: confuse
Eg: she was bewildered by so many beautiful dresses.
puzzle 某问题因复杂而令人费解
Eg: I am puzzled by the problem.

perplex 难以理解（包含焦虑不安，不知如何解决的意思）
Eg: He is perplexed for the answer.
bewilderment: n.
in bewilderment 茫然不知所措

■deduce v. 推断，推理
deduce: determine or decide sth. by given facts.
Eg: I deduce the conclusion from the given facts.
deduce …from 从…中推论，推断
infer 推断（不表示过程）
Eg: What can you infer from the text?
deduce ==> (ant.) indece 归纳

■scanty adj. 不足的，贫乏的
scanty: too few, not enough
scanty knowledge 一知半解
a scanty crop 欠收
be scanty of sth 奇缺
be short of 短缺
Eg: The village school is scanty of textbooks. 这乡村学校奇缺教材。
be want of = in need of 需要……

■clue n. 线索
■insignificant adj. 不重要的
■shed v. 使流出，泻
shed: pour out
shed tears 泪流满面
shed light 发光
shed light on sb. 启发，启迪
shed one’s blood for country 为祖国而流血。
shed one's clothes 脱去衣服

■advent n. 出现，到来，来临
advent: coming or arrival
at the advent of winter 在冬天到来的时候
at the advent of 在…到来的时候
since the advent of 自从…的到来

■agriculture n. 农业
■assumption n. 假定，设想
■dot n. 小圆点
■symbol n. 符号
■engrave v. 雕刻
■ivory n. 象牙制品
■mammoth n. （古）长毛象
■phase n. 月相，天相
■tusk n. 獠牙，长牙、象牙
■primitive adj. 原始的
■nomad n. 游牧民
■depict v. 描画，描绘
■correlate v. 使相互联系

【Text】
§ Lesson 38 The first calender 最早的日历
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What is the importance of the dots, lines, and symbols engraved on stone, bones and ivoury?

Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times. They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates. What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written word. Films, videos. CDs and CD-ROMs are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have. They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action. But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task. He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available. Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man.
Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons. Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect.
Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusk of mammoths. The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age, which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C. By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, historians have been able to read this difficult code. They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon. It is, in fact, a primitive 无效 of calendar. It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls were not simply a form of artistic expression. They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man could get to writing. It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings and the markings that sometimes accompany them. It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.

参考译文
未来的历史学家在写我们这一段历史的时候会别具一格。对于逐渐积累起来的庞大材料，他们几乎不知道选取哪些好，而且，也不必完全依赖文字材料。电影、录像、光盘和光盘驱动器只是能为他们提供令人眼花缭乱的大量信息的几种手段。他们能够身临其境般地观看我们做事，倾听我们讲话。但是，历史学家企图重现遥远的过去可是一项艰巨的任务，他们必须根据现有的不充分的线索进行推理。即使看起来微不足道的遗物，也可能揭示人类早期历史的一些有趣的内容。
历史学家迄今认为日历是随农业的问世而出现的，因为当时人们面临着了解四季的实际需要，但近期科学研究发现，好像这种假设是不正确的。
长期以来，历史学家一直对雕刻在墙壁上、骨头上、古代长毛象的象牙上的点、线和形形色色的符号感到困惑不解。这些痕迹是游牧人留下的，他们生活在从公元前约35，000年到公元前10，000年的冰川期的末期，以狩猎、捕鱼为生。历史学家通过把世界各地留下的这种痕迹放在一起研究，终于弄懂了这种费解的代码。他们发现代码与昼夜更迭和月亮圆缺有关，事实上是一种最原始的日历。大家早就知道，画在墙上的狩猎图景并不是单纯的艺术表现形式，它们有着一定的含义，因为它们已接近古代人的文字形式。有时，这种图画与墙壁上的刻痕共存，它们之间可能有一定的联系。看来人类早就致力于探索四季变迁了，比人们想像的要早20,000年。

【课文讲解】

in the unique position 处于无以伦比，独一无二的情况
come to: start, begin
背熟：They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates.
select from 从……中进行选择(同类中)
choose挑选（凭个人意愿）
一、有三种情况choose和 select不能互换：
1．当在两者中选一个时只能用choose, 即choose between
Eg: We have to choose between leaving early and paying for taxi.
2．choose可带 wh从句
Eg: I'll let you choose where we should go to eat.
3．choose to do 只能用choose.
Eg: What invariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrong at precisely the same moment.（L33 ）
He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the consequences. (L27)
二、select比choose更正式，即在许多同类的人或物当中根据客观标准对这两个加以比较，鉴别，认真地挑选出最好的、最喜欢的、最有用的。

great mass of == too much ＝＝ agreat amount of
evidence 不可数名词；不能手a great many, a large number of
Eg: She selected a blue dress from the wardrobe.
You have been selected to present us on the committee.

L38-02 end 10’46”

L38-03 begin 11’22”

what is more 更有甚者，furthremore,moreover 是的意思
what is worse 更糟糕的是

rely on ==count on ==depend on 依靠，指望
Eg: You can’t rely on others.
He can’t be relied on.

solely adv. 唯一地
means: only, just, nearly

bewilder 令人眼花缭乱
bewildering 令人眼花缭乱的
bewildered 感到眼花缭乱的

背熟：They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action.
in action 行动中的，活动中的
as it were 可以说，似乎，好像
Eg: He is as it were a walking dictionary. 他可以说是一部活字典
Computers can never as it were lead independent lives. 电脑不能过独立的生活
as it is=in fact=in really=actually=as a matter of fact 事实上
Eg: I thought things would get better,but as it is , they are getting worse.
In many ways children lives as it were in a different world from the adults. 在许多方面，孩子们可以说过着一种与大人完全不同的生活。

But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task.
be faced with: be in the position in which one must deal with a problem or unpleasant situation.
面临（因境，问题）
Eg: Automobile industry is faced with a bad future now. 汽车工业正面临着令人担忧的未来。
A great many people are faced with losing their jobs. 许多人面临着失业。
In my opinion, you are faced with a problem as it were how to get enough time to study English.
The student attempting to learn English well in a year is faced with a difficult task. 企图在一年之内把英语学好的学生面临着巨大的难题。

available adj. 可利用的
Eg: I have dictionary availabe for you.
Is there a place available for us to have a chat.
I know you are in need of help, but excuse me, I don’t have any students available for you.

remains ==ruins 遗迹，遗物
insignificant==unimportant
shed light on=throw light on = cast light on 意思是：make a matter clear or understood 解释，说明，提示

L38-03 end 11’22”

L38-04 begin 11’59”

Eg: This information shed light on the problem. 这份情报会搞清楚这一问题。
Can you shed any light on the case of the fire? 你能够解释这次火灾吗？
She will shed light on the case of stolen jewels. 好将能够揭示这次珠宝失窃案。
★★★Paragraph 1★★★
in the unique position
select from
the great mass of evidence
the bewildering amount of information
what is more
as it were
in action
be faced with
available
shed interestion light on

up to now = so far 到目前为止
come into being == come into existence 产生，出现
come to power 上台
come into use 开始使用

be faced with a real need to do sth. 面临着做某事的真正需要。
Eg: We are faced with a real need to learn English well.

indicate 揭示

which 引导定语从句，修饰the last Ice Age

correlate 相互联系

it is connected with == it is associated with

in fact 可以替换为as it is; actually, in reality

as near as 接近

★★★Paragraph 3 remembered ★★★
historian has long been puzzled by
live by hunting and fishing
read this difficult code
it has long been known that
make a real effort to understand the seasons

L38-04 end 11’59”

L38-05 begin 9’11”

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 In assuming that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, historians made the mistake of _____ .
a. relying solely on the written word
b. disregarding the markings that early man had been responsible for
c. supposing that nomadic man had no reason to understand the seasons
d. not connecting the passage of days with the phasesof the moon

2 The scientific evidence that has recently come to light is that _____ .
a. nomads engraved the bones and tusks of the animals they killed
b. noads lived by hunting and fishing
c. nomads travelled widely in various parts of the world
d. the markings made by variousnomadic groups all have a definite pattern

3 The paintings which have been found on the walls of nomadic dwelling places _____ .
a. have taught historians something about the nomadic way of life
b. have no other content than their artistic merit
c. are not thought to be connected with an ancient calendar system
d. are invariably accompanied by odd dots, lines and symbols

Structure
4 It _____ as if they could see nad hear us in action. (ll.6-7)
a. was b. were c. should be d. will be

5 Even _____ seem insignificant remains can shed interesting … (ll.8-9)
a. they b. which c. what d. those to

6 Historians are now able to read this difficult code _____ markings made in … (ll.15-16)
a. with correlating b. having correlated c. which correlates d. for they correlate

7 _____ be a definite relation between these paintings and the …(ll.19-21)
a. It could b. There can c. There may d. It might

Vocabulary
8 Historians have long tried to _____ dots, lines and … (l.13)
a. puzzle b. puzzle out c. riddle d. detect

9 By correlating markings made in _____ parts of the world … (ll.15-16)
a. different b. several c. many d. other

10 ---- historians have been able to read _____ . (l.16)
a. these puzzling signs b. this hard law c. thesedifficult signals d. this uneasy letter

11 Until recently historians assumed that calendars _____ with the advent of agriculture. (l.10)
a. came to existence b. came toexisting c. cme to exist d. were existential
come to +动词原形： come to record ; come to exist ; come into existence

12 The people who lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age _____ .(ll.14-15)
a. wandered from place to place b. lived in villages c. first learnt to write d. learnt how to farm the land

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. A 11. C 12. A

L38-05 6’31” [ Lesson 38 44:52 ]

(L38-05_39-01 2’37”) [ Lesson 39 35:42 ]
§ Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必担心
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●rough adj. 崎岖不平的
●boulder n. 大石块
●pit v. 使得坑坑洼洼
●perturb v. 使不安
●underestimate v. 低估
●swerve v. 争转变
●scoop v. 挖出
●hammer v. （用锤）击打，锤打
●ominously adv. 有预兆的，不祥的
●rip v. 划破，撕，扯
●petrol n. 汽油
●stretch n. 一大片（平地或水）
●obstacle n. 障碍
●clump n. 丛，簇
●fissure n. （石、地的）深缝
●renew v. 重复
●pleading n. 恳求
●gear n. （汽车）排档
●astride prep. 骑，跨
●crack n. 缝隙
●zigzag n. “之”字形
●shallow adj. 浅的
●grind (ground, ground ) v. 磨擦
●halt n. 停
●dashboard n. （汽车上的）仪表盘

■rough adj. 崎岖不平的
Eg: We’d better not take the rough road.
be rough on sb. 对某人苛刻，无礼
Don’t be rough on your friends.
cut up rough 发脾气

L38-05_39-01 end 9’11”

L39-02 begin 9’23”

■boulder n. 大石块
■pit v. 使得坑坑洼洼
■perturb v. 使不安
verp upset
be perturbed about sth 为…而心神不安

His threats didn’t perturb her in the least
disturb 并非用心去扰乱
Eg:It is disturbing to think that a wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.
plague 因病痛和类似的折磨而使人苦恼
Eg:The terrible disease plagued him
trouble
Eg:Sorry to give you trouble. / Sorry to trouble you.
worry
Eg:He is worried about his son’s safety.
fret
Eg:He freted himself all the time for news of her.
upset
Eg:I feel upset now because I am afraid I hurt you.
dismay 使沮丧
辨别：perturb ; disturb ; plague ; trouble ; worry ; fret ; upset ; dismay

■underestimate v. 低估
■swerve v. 争转变
■scoop v. 挖出
Eg:She sccped out some sugar.
make a scoop 走运
Eg:That guy made a scoop.

■hammer v. （用锤）击打，锤打
■ominously adv. 有预兆的，不祥的
ominous adj.
Eg:Look at those ominous black clouds.
omen n.
Eg:This is a good / bad omen.
Eg:The clouds omen rain.

■rip v. 划破，撕，扯
tear
rip one's mask away 撕下某人的假面具
let things tip==let things be 听其自然
rip into 猛攻，抨击
rip off 偷窃
rip up the back 背后说坏话

■petrol n. 汽油
■stretch n. 一大片（平地或水）
at a stretch 连续的，一口气的，不停顿的
a stretch of land
a stretch of water
Eg: He worked for hours at a stretch.
We drove fast on a stretch of open field.
He is unable to work for long stretches.
a stretch of hill 连绵不断的群山
vt.
He stretched out his hand to get the apple.
There are forests stretching for hundreds of miles.
Transport was rather stretched in the Spring Festival.

■obstacle n. 障碍
Lack of education is an obstacle to success.
constitue an obstacle to 构成…的障碍
remove/ overcome an obstacle 克服困难
put obstacle in sb's way 妨碍某人的发展
obstacle to 介词to

L39-02 end 9’23”

L39-03 begin 9’04”

要英语中有好多动词要与介词to搭配：
key; answer; shred; advantage; disadvantage; admission; damage to
辨别：obstacle; obstruction; hindrance
Eg: Lake of education is obstacle to success.
There must be an obstruction in the pipe.
You are more of hindrance than help.

■clump n. 丛，簇
■fissure n. （石、地的）深缝
■renew v. 重复
■pleading n. 恳求
■gear n. （汽车）排档
■astride prep. 骑，跨
■crack n. 缝隙
■zigzag n. “之”字形
■shallow adj. 浅的
■grind (ground, ground )v. 磨擦
grind wheat into flour
grind sth to pieces 把……弄成碎片
grind one's teeth in anger 气得咬牙切齿

■halt n. 停
==stop
They halt for a few minutes.
stop; halt; cease
Eg: The heart will cease to beat when life ceases.
pause vi.
He paused for a breath.
halt
They halted for a few minutes.
halt; cease; pause; stop
halt n.
come to a halt / stop 停下来

■dashboard n. （汽车上的）仪表盘

【Text】
§ Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必担心
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What was the difference between Bruce’s behaviour and that of other people?

The rough road across the plain soon became so bad that we tried to get Bruce to drive back to the village we had come from. Even though the road was littered with boulders and pitted with holes, Bruce was not in the least perturbed. Glancing at his map, he informed us that the next village was a mere twenty miles away. It was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties. He simply had no sense of danger at all. No matter what the conditions were, he believed that a car should be driven as fast as it could possibly go.
As we bumped over the dusty track, we swerved to avoid large boulders.The wheels scooped up stones which hammered ominously under the car. We felt sure that sooner or later a stone would rip a hole in our petrol tank or damage the engine. Because of this, we kept looking back, wondering if we were leaving a trail of oil and petrol behind us.
What a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared, giving way to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps of bushes. But there was worse to come. Just ahead of us there was a huge fissure. In response to renewed pleadings, Bruce stopped. Though we all got out to examine the fissure, he remained in the car. We informed him that the fissure extended for fifty yards and was two feet wide and four feet deep. Even this had no effect. Bruce went into a low gear and drove at a terrifying speed, keeping the front wheels astride the crack as he followed its zig-zag course. Before we had time to worry about what might happen, we were back on the plain again. Bruce consulted the map once more and told us that the village was now only fifteen miles away. Our next obstacle was a shallow pool of water about half a mile across. Bruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding halt. A yellow light on the dash- board flashed angrily and Bruce cheerfully announced that there was no oil in the engine!

参考译文
穿越平原的道路高低不平，开车走了不远，路面愈加崎岖。我们想劝说布鲁斯把车开回我们出发的那个村庄去。尽管路面布满石头，坑坑洼洼，但布鲁斯却一点儿不慌乱。他瞥了一眼地图，告诉我们前面再走不到20英里就是一个村庄。这并不是说布鲁斯总是低估困难，而是他压根儿没有一点儿危险感。他认为不管路面情况如何，车必须以最高速度前进。
我们在尘士飞扬的道路上颠簸，车子东拐西弯，以躲开那些大圆石。车轮搅起的石块锤击车身，发出不祥的锤击声。我们想念迟早会飞起一个石块把油箱砸开一个窟窿，或者把发动机砸坏。因此，我们不时地掉过头，怀疑车后是否留下了机油和汽油的痕迹。
突然大石块不见了，前面是一片平地，唯一的障碍只有一簇簇灌木丛。这使我们长长地松了口气。但是更糟糕的事情在等着我们，离我们不远处，出现一个大裂缝。我们再次央求布鲁斯小心，他这才把车停了下来。我们纷纷下车察看那个大裂缝，他却呆在车上。我们告诉他那个大裂缝长50码，宽2英尺，深4英尺。这也没有对他产生任何影响。布鲁斯挂上慢档，把两只前轮分别搁在裂缝的两边，顺着弯弯曲曲的裂缝，以发疯的速度向前开去。我们还未来得及担心后果，车已重新开上了平地。布鲁斯又看了一眼地图，告诉我们那座村庄离我们只有15英里了。下一个障碍是一片约半英里宽的浅水塘。布鲁斯向水塘冲去，但车开到水塘当中，嘎吱一声停住了。仪表盘一盏黄灯闪着刺眼的光芒，布鲁斯兴致勃勃地宣布发动机里没油了！

【课文讲解】

Nothing to worry about
get sb. to do sth.: persuade / advise sb. to do
Please get them to finish the work as quickly as possible.
Please get him to give up smoking.
be littered with
be pitted with
even though: even if

not in the least= not at all / not a bit/ not the least bit 一点也不
not a little = very much

by no means= in no way =on no account =at no times= under no circumstances 绝不

a mere==only （必须和不定冠词搭配）

It was not (to say )…… 这并不是说

dusty track==dusty road

L39-03 end 9’04”

L39-04 begin 9’25”

look back 回头看
wondering 从句做伴随状况状语
How relieved we were

give way to 为……所代替
Eg: The great clouds gradually broke up and give way to blue sky.
He has no intention of iving way to your demands.

in response to : in reaction to

本课优秀结构：Before we had time to worry about what might happen, we were back on the plain again.

hardly ... when...
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.
Before he had hardly had time to worry about what might happen when we were back on the plane again.

L39-04 end 9’25”

L39-05 begin

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 Why were the passengers so relieved when the boulders disappeared?
a. Bruce could now drive even faster.
b. They had covered the greater part of the distance to the village.
c. It seemed less likely that they would meet with disaster.
d. They had seen the huge fissure that lay ahead of them.

2 When they reached the fissure, Bruce stopped the car because _____ .
a. the passengers had begged him to do so
b. he wanted to know the exact dimensions of the fissure
c. he thought it was safer to drie across it without the passengers
d. he was not sure whether the car was wide enough to bridge it
In response to renewed pleadings , Bruce stopped.

3 Bruce’s reaction to the final episode shows that _____ .
a. he was not the sort of person to be perturbed by anything
b. he was extremely brave in face of danger
c. he had underestimated the depth of the pool
d. when it came to crossing water, his driving was nto good enough
(背熟)

Structure
4 He believed _____ a car as fast as it could possibly go. (ll.7-8)
a. driving in b. he would drive c. to drive d. in driving
believe sb. / sth. that / in

5 _____ when the boulders suddenly disappeared. (l.13)
a. How relieved we felt b. What a relief we were feeling
c. So relieved we felt d. How we felt relieved
what感叹句的主体词是名词；how 感叹句的主体词是形容词。

6 Bruce _____ when the car came to a grinding halt. (l.21)
a. hadcharged through it midway b. charged through it to the middle
c. charged midway through it d. was in the middle of charging through it

7 Bruce cherfully announced that the engine _____ out of oil. (l.22)
a. ran b. had run c. was running d. has run
run out of

Vocabulary
8 Glancing at his map, heinformed us that the next village was _____ twenty miles away. (ll.4-5)
a. simply b. boringly c. only d. in significantly

9 ---- where nothing could _____ but clumps of trees. (ll.13-14)
a. hinder our rogress b. spoil our course c. hold up our train d. harm our way
hinder== obstacle

10 When we pleaded _____ , bruce stopped. (l.15)
a. afresh b. aloud c. repeatedly d. forcibly

11 He said: ‘It’s fifteen miles _____ the village. ’ (ll.19-20)
a. until b. to c. from d. before

12 ---- obstacle was a shallow pool of water half a mile _____ . (ll.20-21)
a. side by side b. from top to bottom c. from side to side d. up and down

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10 .C 11. B 12. C

L39-05 5’18” [ Lesson 39 35:42 ]

(L39-05_40-01 13’21” ) [ Lesson 40 21:36 ]

§ Lesson 40 Who’s who 真假难辨
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●hoax n. 骗局，戏弄
●deception n. 欺骗，骗局
●self-respecting adj. 自重的
●indulge v. 使沉迷
●pneumatic adj. 气动的
●drill n. 钻
●silly adj. 无意义的，无聊的
●advance adj. 预先的，事先获得的
●archway n. 拱形门楼
●remonstrate v. 规劝，告诫
●ironically adv. 讽刺地
●permission n. 许可
●grant v. 同意，准予

■hoax n. 骗局，戏弄
play a hoax on sb. 戏弄某人
play a trick on sb. 戏弄某人
play a joke on sb. 开某人玩笑
Eg: The boy student is thinking how to play a hoax on his classmate.

■deception n. 欺骗，骗局
deception 无关紧要的骗局，并不是故意的欺骗
Eg: She referred to the pills as sweet, so the harmless deception made it easy for her child to take them.
deceit （故意的）欺骗
Eg: We are incapable of deceit.
fraud 对公众的欺骗行为，多指官方的欺骗或财政舞弊
trickery 欺骗（语气上严厉）,着重有步骤地诡计来谋取私利。
Eg: He had gained control of the company by trickery.

■self-respecting adj. 自重的
■indulge v. 使沉迷
indulge oneself in sth. 沉迷于…………== be indulged in
Eg: He indulged himself in smoking and drinking.
=He was indulged in smoking and drinking.
v. 纵容
Eg: She indulges her only son.

■pneumatic adj. 气动的
■drill n. 钻
■silly adj. 无意义的，无聊的
foolish 强调愚蠢的，笨的，不明智的
Eg: I remonstrated him not to do anything foolish.
silly 无意义的，无聊的，无知的
Eg: Being called silly is not compliment.
Don’t play such a silly hoax.
stupid 人及言行缺乏良好的判断力，天生的迟钝
Eg: His son is as stupid as all.
dull 迟钝的
Eg: the old man’s hearing has become dull.
She is a dull girl.
■advance adj. 预先的，事先获得的
advance information / in advance

■archway n. 拱形门楼
■remonstrate v. 规劝，告诫
remonstrate sb to do sth 规劝某人做某事

■ironically adv. 讽刺地
■permission n. 许可
■grant v. 同意，准予
ask sb. for permission请求许可
give / grant sb. permission 准予许可

【Text】
§ Lesson 40 Who’s who 真假难辨
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
How did the policeman discover that the whole thing was a joke?

It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else. Students specialize in a particular 无效 of practical joke: the hoax. Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in. Students often create amusing situations which are funny to everyone except the victims.
When a student recently saw two workmen using a pneumatic drill outside his university, he immediately telephoned the police and informed them that two students dressed up as workmen were tearing up the road with a pneumatic drill. As soon as he had hung up, he went over to the workmen and told them that if a policeman ordered them to go away, they were not to take him seriously. He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people. Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.
The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on. Sure enough, a policeman arrived on the scene and politely asked the workmen to go away. When he received a very rude reply from one of the workmen, he threatened to remove them by force. The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help. Shortly afterwards, four more policemen arrived and remonstrated with the workmen. As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill. The workmen struggled fiercely and one of them lost his temper. He threatened to call the police. At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest. Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station. Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone. Only when he saw that the man was actually telephoning the police did he realize that they had all been the victims of a hoax.

参考译文
谁也弄不清为什么大学生好像比任何人都更喜欢恶作剧。大学生擅长一种特殊的恶作剧——戏弄人。请消防队来扑灭一场根本没有的大火是一种低级骗局，有自尊心的大学生决不会去做。大学生们常常做的是制造一种可笑的局面，使大家笑上一场，当然受害者是笑不出来的。
最近有个学生看见两个工人在学校门外用风钻干活，马上打电话报告警察，说有两个学生装扮成工人，正在用风钻破坏路面。挂上电话后，他又马上来到工人那儿，告诉他们若有个警察来让他们走开，不要把他当回事，还对工人说，有个学生常装扮成警察无聊地同别人开玩笑。警察与工人都对那个学生事先通报情况表示感谢。
那个学生躲在附近一拱形的门廊里，在那儿可以看见、听到现场发生的一切。果然，警察来了，不礼貌地请工人离开此地；但其中一个工人粗鲁地回了几句。于是警察威胁要强行使他们离开。工人说，悉听尊便。警察去打电话叫人。一会儿工夫，又来了4个警察，规劝工人离开。由于工人拒绝停下手中的活，警察想夺风钻。两个工人奋力抗争，其中一个发了火，威胁说要去叫警察。警察听后讥讽地说，这大可不必，因为他俩已被逮捕了。其中一个工人装模作样地问道，在被带往警察局之前，是否可以打一个电话。警察同意了，陪他来到一个投币地电话前，当他看到那个工人真的是给警察挂电话，才恍然大悟，原来他们都成一场骗局的受害者。

【课文讲解】
Key structure
背熟1：It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else.
Eg: It has never been explained why he seems to enjoy doing it.

specialize in. 专门研究
Eg: He specialized in biology after graduation.

背熟2： Inviting the fire brigade to put out a nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no self-respecting student would ever indulge in.

except the victims / but the victims

tear up == destroy

take sb seriously 严肃对待
be to do 结构含义：
1. should
Eg: Such a private thing should be avoided.
Such a private thing is to be avoided
2. must
Eg: No students must leave school without the permission of the police.
No students are to leave school without the permission of the police.
3. intend 意图，打算
Eg: We intend to start work next week.
We are to start work next week.

L40-01 end 18’45”

L40-02 begin 10’19”

背熟4：Both the police and the workmen were grateful to the student for this piece of advance information.
be grateful to sb. for sth.
that went on == that happened

背熟5：he threatened to remove them by force.

背熟6: The workmen told him to do as he pleased and the policeman telephoned for help.
as he pleased 随他的意愿做
four more == another four

as this 听到
At the words,he got angry.
With the words, he left the room angrily.

背熟7：At this, the police pointed out ironically that this would hardly be necessary as the men were already under arrest.
pointed out ironically 讽刺地指出
hardly be necessary 大可不必
under 与名词搭配表示一种被动的概念
under discussion / arrest / repair

背熟8：Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might make a telephone call before being taken to the station.
make a telephone call 打一个电话

背熟9：Permission was granted and a policeman accompanied him to a pay phone.

only 引导的时间状语从句或介词短语，以及条件状语从句在句首时，句子要倒装。

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 A good hoax is a joke which depends on _____ .
a. deceiving people into behaving in a way which amuses everyone but themselves
b. doing something like calling the fire bridge to a nonexistent fire
c. at least two parties being led to believe the other is fraudulent
d. people disguising themselves to look like other people
deceive sb. into doing sth.

2 When the policeman first arrived outside the university _____ .
a. the student hid in an archway to see what happened next
b. he told the workmen if they disobeyedhim he would call four policemen
c. the workmen refused to take his request that they should move seriously
d. he was polite to the workmen as he had expected them to be students
They didn’t take the police seriously

3 When did it become clear to the police that the workmen were not students?
a. when one of the workmen angrily said he was going to call the police.
b. Not until one of the workmen asked if he could telephone the police.
c. When the policeman saw whom the workman was ringing from the pay phone.
d. Only after they had arrested the workmen and taken them to the station.

下面几题未讲
Structure
4 ---- Why students seem _____ practical jokes than anyone else. (ll.1-2)
a. entertained by more b. to have been entertained more by
c. more to be entertainedby d. to be more entertained by

5 ---- and told them that _____ order them to go away they were not to take them seriously. (ll.10-11)
a. should the police b. the police might c. if the policeman did d. was a policeman to

6 ---- were grateful to the student for _____ in advance. (l.12)
a. they had been informed this b. having informed them this
c. being informed of this d. informing them of this

7 The workmen told him to do _____ … (ll.15-16)
a. as it pleased him b. how he pleased c. as he pleased d. that pleased him

8 Only then _____ that it had been a trick. (ll.22-23)
a. he realized b. he understood c. did he realize d. he did realize

Vocabulary
9 ---- a student had dressedup as a policeman and was amusing himself _____ .(ll.1-12)
a. by joking with peole b. at other people’s exense c. by making fun of people d. to other people’s surprise

10 when he received a very _____ from one of the workmen … (ll.14-15)
a. impolite retort b. harsh response c. rough report d. sharp return

11 Four more policemen arrived to protest _____ the workmen’s behaviour. (ll.16-17)
a. with b. for c. to d. against

12 The police attempted to _____ the pneumatic drill. (ll.17-18)
a. get hold of b. keep hold of c. hold back d. hold on to

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. A

L40-02 8’14” [ Lesson 40 21:36 ]
( L41-01 begin 10’14” )

§ Lesson 41 Illusions of pastoral peace 宁静田园生活的遐想
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●illusion n. 幻想，错觉
●pastoral adj. 田园的
●breed v. 培育
●rapture n. 欣喜
●extol v. 赞美，颂扬
●superior adj. 优越的
●cockcrow n. 鸡叫
●twitter v. （鸟）吱吱叫，喊喊喳喳叫
●glint v. 闪烁
●pasture n. 牧场
●idyllic adj. 田园诗的
●virtually adv. 几乎；差不多
●dubious adj. 可疑的，怀疑的
●privilege n. 特权
●misery n. 苦难
●acquaintance n. 熟人
●treat n. 难得的乐事，享受
●dweller n. 居住者
●stagger v. 摇晃；蹒跚
●exotic adj. 寻乎寻常的，外来的
●glow n. 白炽光
●descend v. 下落，降临
●tuck v. 缩进，隐藏
●obstinately adv. 固执地，顽固地

◆illusion n. 幻想，错觉
under illusion that / under the impression that
I am under the impression that you are honest.
We live under the illusion.
I am under the impression that he will help me every day.
under no illusion that
We live under no illusion that country life is beautiful.
have illusion about / have no illusion about

delusion 幻觉，（精神病人）
Eg: He is under the delusion that somebody will kill him tomorrow.
He lives under the delusion that he will be killed sometime.
vision 憧景
Eg: I live under the vision that I have a bright future.
illusioned adj.充满幻想的
Eg: The world of children is illusioned.
illusionary adj. 错觉的，幻觉的
Eg: Don’t believe in him. What he said is illusionary picture.
illusive adj. 虚假的，不可靠的
Eg: What he described was illusive. Don’t depend on him any more.
imaginary
imaging
Eg: I can’t imagine building Great Wall.
imaginary 虚构的
Eg: The story is imaginary, Don’t be taken in.

L41-01 end 10’14”

L41-02 begin 18’32”

imaginary
The story is imaginary. Don’t be taken in.
imaginative 富有想像力的
Children are more imaginative than adults.
unimaginative 缺乏想像力的
imaginable 能想像得出的，（须放在被修饰词之后）
This is the idea / way imaginable.
imaginary / imaginative / imaginable / unimaginatice
We are imaginative
illusionary / imaginary 虚构的

◆pastoral adj. 田园的
◆breed v. 培育
vt. breed / bred / bred
breed / raise / bring up / rear
raise /breed pets
raise / breed dogs.
Do you raise dogs?
educate
As a mother, you must breed good manners into your child.
rear 抚养，
I must rear the child because I have the duty.
He rears / breeds / raises two dogs.
grow / plant tree
cause / lead / result in / give rise to
War breeds misery and ruin. 战争导致毁灭和悲惨。
Your carelessness bred the accident
breed in and in 近亲结婚，同种繁殖
breed out and out 非近亲结婚，异种繁殖
breed / raise / bring up / cause

◆rapture n. 欣喜
great joy / delight
At the news, they are in raptures.
At the news, they are great delighted.
in raptures(about/ over sth. ) (对……) 欣喜若狂
I am in raptures about the new book.
go into raptures(over/ about/ at sth. ) (对……)感到非常的高兴！
He went into raptures when he heard the good news.
joy / happiness
We have a good time and we are full of happiness.
delight 高兴，喜悦，程度强于joy, 但不如rapture，也不如rapture那么正式，
I feel delighted == I am in raptures
ecstasy 入迷；狂喜
He is in ecstasy.
enchant v enchantment 入迷，
He was enchanted in thoughts.
elation 兴高采烈；得意洋洋
He has got the feeling of elation.
bliss 极乐；无尚的幸福
Nothing in the world can make you happier than bliss.
A sound sleep is my bliss
glee 欢乐，高兴，欢心（诗歌中）

rapture / in raptures / go into raptures / joy / happiness / delight / ecstasy
/ enchantment / elation / bliss / glee

◆◆◆extol v. 赞美，颂扬
vt. praise
I can’t find a good word to praise you / your ability.
I want to extol the virtues of human beings.

L41-02 end 18’32”

L41-03 begin 19’28”

compliment v. & n. 恭维
Do you often compliment ...?
exalt 赞扬，歌颂，吹捧
You disgust me. why do you extol such a stupid person.
laud 赞美
I want to do nothing but laud you.
What do you want to laud me?
I want to laud your beauty, ability and your wealth.

extol / praise / compliment / exalt / laud

◆superior adj. 优越的
better than the average
无比较级和最高级
be superior to 比…优越
In my opinion, town life is superior to country life.
interior
be interior to 比…低，不如…
Country life is superior to city life
superior / interior
senior
senior high school
junior
The word is basic
junior high school
senior /junior
posterior / prior 后于/ 先于
This work is prior to that one.
of no confidence / importance / significance
It should be inferior to that one.

superior / inferior / senior / junior / posterior / prior
be prior to

◆cockcrow n. 鸡叫
◆twitter v. （鸟）吱吱叫，喊喊喳喳叫
◆glint v. 闪烁
shine / flash / glitter
flash 表示忽明忽暗的闪光，也可以指反光镜反出来的光线
Eg: A lighthouse is flashing in the distance.
glim 表示透过某种媒介而透出来的光线，比如透过茫茫大雾的光芒
Eg: Through the fog, we saw a lighthouse glimming.
glint 表示迅速闪烁的微弱的光，比如阳光下闪烁的露水光
Eg: The sun glinted through the leaves.
glisten 潮湿的物体上所反射的光泽，或是柔弱的光辉
Eg: The white snow glistened in all the colors of rainbow.
flicker 表示蜡烛或油灯在即将熄灭时的所发出的摇曳的光
Eg: On the cold night, I sat in front of the only one candle which was flickering.

flash / glim / glint / glisten / flicher

◆pasture n. 牧场
◆idyllic adj. 田园诗的
He is leading an idyllic life
◆virtually adv. 几乎；差不多
◆dubious adj. 可疑的，怀疑的
doubtful / uncertain / questionable / suspicious / sceptical
dubious
be dubious about/of 对…怀疑,对…不肯定，主要表示不肯定的，不确定的
doubt / suspect
Eg: I suspect that he stole the car last night. 语气较肯定的猜疑
I doubt whether he stole the car. 语气不太肯定

L41-03 end 19’28”

L41-04 begin 18’14”

suspicious / doubtful
Cats are suspicious of human beings.
I am not sure about your ability to do so.
I am doubtful of your ability.
I am dubious about your ability.
questionable强调质疑，有问题的，值得争议的
This is a questionable conclusion / decision.
sceptical 怀疑论的，怀疑的 (正式用法)
suspicious
Your idea is sceptical.

dubious / dubious about ( of ) / doubtful / uncertain / suspicious / sceptical / questionable

◆privilege n. 特权
◆misery n. 苦难
◆acquaintance n. 熟人
◆treat n. 难得的乐事，享受
be one's treat
1.…请客 == sb. stand treat
Eg: Let's go to have dinner. It's my treat
treat sb. to
take sb. to dinner
Eg: It’s my pleasure to take you to dinner.
stand treat
I stand treat 我作东。
2. 对待
treat sb. as
I treat him as my best friend.
treat with sb. 跟某人商谈
I can’t bring it to a conclusion. I want to treat with you.
treat of sth. / sb. ==speak of
We speak / treat of tramps contemptuously.

2. 荣幸,享受
Eg: Having dinner with you is my treat.
treat sb. to 宴请某人…
Eg: It's my pleasure to treat you to dinner.
treat sb as 按…对待某人
Eg: I treat him as my best friend.
treat with sb. 跟某人商谈
Eg I can't bring it to a conclusion. I want to treat with you.
treat of sth./sb. 关于…，提及到…，＝＝speak of
Eg: We treat of tramps contemptuously.

◆dweller n. 居住者
◆stagger v. 摇晃；蹒跚
◆exotic adj. 寻乎寻常的，外来的
◆glow n. 白炽光
◆descend v. 下落，降临
Eg: darkness descends very soon because winter is coming.
descend from 从 ...... 传下来
Eg: The watch descended from his grandfather.
descend on / upon 突然袭击，
He visited me suddenly.
He looked me up suddenly.
He called on me suddenly.
Yesterday, my best friend descended on me.

descend to 传给......
descend from...to

descend / descend from / descend to / descend on / descend upon
drop
I dropped the glass onto the floor.
ascend ant.
The aeroplane is ascending at tremendous speed.

◆tuck v. 缩进，隐藏
◆obstinately adv. 固执地，顽固地
obstinate adj. 顽固而不易被别人所改变
Eg: If you are an obstinate person, nobody can change your mind.
stubbom 倔强
Eg: He is such a stubborn person that he insists on finishing what he wants to do.
Don’t try to persuade him because he is an obstinate person.
persistent
persist
Eg: If you always follow your friends around, I should say, you are a persist person.
strong minded 顽强的，意志力强
Eg: If you are a strong minded person, you can do everything well.
obstinate / stubborn

as stubborn as mule 像牛一样倔强 (骡子)

【Text】
§ Lesson 41 Illusions of pastoral peace 宁静田园生活的遐想
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What particular anxiety spoils thecountry dweller’s visit to thetheatre?
The quiet life of the country ahs never appealed to me. City born and city bred. I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window, or something you occasional visit during the weekend. Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country. Though they extol the virtues of the peaceful life, only one of hem has ever gone to live in the country and he was back in town within six months. Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life. He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the gentle pace of living. Nothing can be compared, he maintains, with the first cockcrow, the twittering of birds at dawn, the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and pastures. This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture. My friend fails to mention the long and friendless winter evenings in front of the TV -- virtually the only form of entertainment. He says nothing about the poor selection of goods in the shops, or about those unfortunate people who have to travel from the country to the city every day to get to work. Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me. They could be saved so much misery and expense if they chose to live in the city where they rightly belong.
If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer. You never have to travel miles to see your friends. They invariably live nearby and are always available for an informal chat or an evening's entertainment. Some of my acquaintances in the country come up to town once or twice a year to visit the theatre as a special treat. For them this is a major operation which involves considerable planning. As the play draws to its close, they wonder whether they will ever catch that last train home. The cit dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort. The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away. Shopping, too, is always a pleasure. The latest exhibitions, films, or plays are only a short bus ride away. Shopping, too, is always a pleasure. There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best. Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the exotic items as they can carry. Nor is the city without its moments of beauty. There is something comforting about the warm glow shed by advertisements on cold wet winter nights. Few things could be more impressive than the peace that descends on deserted city streets at weekends when the thousands that travel to work every day are tucked away in their homes in the country. It has always been a mystery to me who city dwellers, who appreciate all these things, obstinately pretend that they would prefer to live in the country.

【参考译文】
宁静的乡村生活从来没有吸引过我。我生在城市，长在城市，总认为乡村是透过火车车窗看到的那个样了，或偶尔周末去游玩一下景象。我的许多朋友都住在城市，但他们只要一提起乡村，马上就会变得欣喜若狂。尽管他们都交口称赞宁静的乡村生活的种种优点，但其中只有一个人真去农村住过，而且不足6个月就回来了。即使他也仍存有幻觉，好像乡村生活就是比城市生活优越。他滔滔不绝地大谈友好的农民，洁净的空气，贴近大自然的环境和悠闲的生活节奏。他坚持认为，凌晨雄鸡第一声啼叫，黎明时分小鸟吱喳欢叫，冉冉升起的朝阳染红树木、牧场，此番美景无与伦比。但这种田园诗般的乡村风光仅仅是一个侧面。我的朋友没有提到在电视机前度过的漫长寂寞的冬夜——电视是唯一的娱乐形式。他也不说商店货物品种单调，以及那些每天不得不从乡下赶到城里工作的不幸的人们。人们为什么情愿每天在路上奔波4个小时去换取值得怀疑的乡间的优点，我是无法理解的。要是他们愿意住在本来属于他们的城市，则可以让他们省去诸多不便与节约大量开支。
如果你愿舍弃乡下生活那一点点乐趣的话，那么你会发出城市可以为你提供生活最美好的东西。你去看朋友根本不用跋涉好几英里，因为他们都住在附近，你随时可以同他们聊天或在晚上一起娱乐。我在乡村有一些熟人，他们每年进城来看一回或几回戏，并把此看作一种特殊的享受。看戏在他们是件大事，需要精心计划。当戏快演完时，他们又为是否能赶上末班火车回家而犯愁。这种焦虑，城里人是从未体验过的。坐公共汽车几站路，就可看到最新的展览、电影、戏剧。买东西也是一种乐趣。物品种繁多，从来不必用二等品来凑合。乡里人进城采购欣喜若狂，每次回家时都买足了外来商品，直到拿不动方才罢休，连走路都摇摇晃晃的。城市也并非没有良辰美景。寒冷潮湿的冬夜里，广告灯箱发出的暖光，会给人某种安慰。周末，当成千上万进城上班的人回到他们的乡间寓所之后，空旷的街市笼罩着一种宁静气氛，没有什么能比此时的宁静更令人难忘了。城里人对这一切心里很明白，却偏要执拗地装出他们喜欢住在乡村的样子，这对我来说一直是个谜。

【课文讲解】

背熟：The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me.
组织一篇议论文主要有三段：
1 开头段
2 支持段
3 结尾段
在开头段第一句话或最后一句话说出主题。
city born and city bred ==as O was born and bred in a city 独立主格结构
regard as
think of ...as / refer to ...as

L41-04 end 18’14”

L41-05 begin 18’11”

go into raptures 变得欣喜若狂起来

背熟：Most of my friends live in the city, yet they always go into raptures at the mere mention of the country.
at the mere mention of 一提到
at the sight of 一看到
at the touch of 一触及到
at the news of 一听到
at the sound of 一听到
at the nemtion of 一提到

exalt / laud
hypocritical 虚伪
The country life never appeals to me, and never appeals to others, either.
I love English. Everyday, I got up very early to read outside in my garden. That is my treat.

keep on doing sth.

背熟：Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is somehow superior to town life.
under the illusion that
live under the illusion that
Country life is somehow superior to town life.
the life of the country （第一次提到）
the country （第二次提到）
country life （第三次提到）

Every picture has got two sides. 凡事都有两方面

背熟：This idyllic pastoral scene is only part of the picture.
对比法

fails to mention == says nothing about 没有提到……
City life appeals to me. City life is superior to country life.

L41-05 end 18’11”

L41-06 begin 14’38”

City life appeals to me. City life is superior to country life.
fails to mention == says nothing about 没有提到……

背熟：Why people are prepared to tolerate a four- hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.

be beyond me = is beyond my understanding …是我无法理解的

stand / bear / put up with / endure / tolerate

privilege: advantage

dubious : doubtful / uncertain

Country life never appeals to me.

背熟：If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer.
There are advantages of living in the country, but there are few advantages living in the country than living in the big city.

背熟：There is so much variety that you never have to make do with second best.
never have to ==need not ==don’t have to
do without
make do with 凑合者用

do without / manage without / go without 没有......也行
I can do / manage without a car.

available : able to be used anytime 随时可以应用的
主语做表语或定语，做定语时要放在被修饰词的后边。
I am availble to have a chat with you.
The books in our classroom are available for you.
be available for sb.
I have a dictionary available for you.

L41-06 end 14’38”

L41-07 begin 15’09”

inconvenience of living in the country
major : great / demanding

draw to its close = near its end 临近结束／尾声

背熟：The city dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort.
We can keep ourselves free from the anxieties of this sort which afflict the country dweller.
Eating food with different tasts is also a pleasure.

run wild 发疯

背熟： Country people run wild when they go shopping in the city and stagger home loaded with as many of the necessities of life as they can carry.

nor ... without 双重否定
The city has got its own beauty.

Don’t shed blood

deserted : enpty

all these things: all the pleasures of the city / all the advantages of living in the city
There are fewer advantages of the country than in the city.
There are more disadvantages of the country than those of the city.

L41-07 end 15’09”

L41-08 begin 12’30”

【Vocabulary】P194
Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: Extol the virtues(l.6); illusion (l.7); superior to (l.8); maintains (l.9); glinting (l.10); tolerate (l.14); beyond me (l.15)

extol the virtues
extol = praise highly
praise 比extol 的语义要弱得多
virtue 美德 = advantage

illusion 幻觉，错觉 = false idea

superior 比......有优势， ==better than

maintain == hold
glinting 闪烁 = glisten

tolerate 忍受 == endure, bear, stand, put up with, suffer without complaining

beyond me == can not be understood by me
beyond my understanding

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 What is the main difference between the writer and most of his friends?
a. they often visit the country but he has only spent one weekend there.
b. Unlike them, being brought up in the city, he can appreciate its worth.
c. In contrast to them, he finds city people friendlier than country people.
d. He thinks them hypocritical to maintain a preference for country life.
背熟 D 选项
think sb. hypocritical 认为某人很虚伪
maintain a preference for sth. 坚持一种想法

2 What advantage has the city dweller over the country dweller in terms of entertainment?（背熟）
a. He can entertain his country friends more often than they can him.
b. His choice of entertainment is wide and within easy reach of him.
c. As he travels by bus and not by train, he can see the latest plays.
d. He does not need a major operation when planning a visit to the theatre.
in terms of
have advantage over sb./ sth. 比 ......更具有优势
背熟
within easy reach of sb. 方便，容易达到

3 When he speaks of the beauty to be found in the city, the writer ____ .
a. alludes to the comparative cheerlessness of winter nights in the country
b. means that if more people settled in the city they would find peace
c. advertises the fact that the city is a warmer place than the country
d. implies that the country is less peaceful than the city at weekends
背熟
allude to = mean

Structure
4 I _____ and bred in the city and have always regarded … (ll.1-2)
a. being born b. had been born c. was born d. am born

5 He _____ talking about the friendly people … (ll.8-9)
a. never tires of b. is never tiring of c. is never tired d. is never tiring when
tire of 厌倦
never 频度副词，表示情况总是如此
I am tired of doing so. 我已经厌倦了这么做。

6 The latest exhibitions, films or plays are only _____ .( l.23)
a. by bus a short distance away b. a short distance by bus away
c. a short distance away by bus d. the distance of a short bus away
on only short bus right away 只有几站路的路程

7 ---- and stagger home loaded with _____ exotic items as they can carry. (ll.25-26)
a. as many of the b. as many c. so many d. the most

L41-08 end 12’30”

L41-09 begin 7’03”

many of the 许多物品中的许多
You can take as many as you like. 你可以拿走你喜欢的东西。
You can take as many books as you can. 这些书籍你想拿多小就拿多少。

8 I have always been mystified _____ city dwells, who … (ll.29-30)
a. why b. by the fact that c. for what d. with
It has been a mystery to me.
be mystified by 被......所迷惑，被...... 所困扰
be frightened by 被......所吓着

Vocabulary
9 _____ the only form of entertainment. (l.12)
a. pretty well b. altogether c. certainly d. in particular
原文： virtually 几乎，==almost, nearly
certainly 肯定的，当然的
altogether 总共，完全
in particular = particularly 特别，尤其是
pretty well 相当不错，相当好（AE）， almost (BE)

10 If you can _____ without the few pastoral pleasues of the country … (l.17)
a. make b. manage c. succeed d. pass
10. do without, go without, manage without

11 As the play _____ … (ll.21-22)
a. reaches its climax b. nears its end c. ends its run d. draws the curtain
near its end 临近尾声 == draw to its close
areaches its climax 达到高潮

12 Few things can have such an _____ as the peace … (ll.27-28)
a. impact b. imposition c. imprint d. impression
imposition 强人所难
impose v.
Don’t impose your idea on me. 不要把你的想法强加给我。
imprint 印记，印痕
give sb. a (deep ) impression 给某人印象
have impact

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. A

L41-09 end 7’03”

Lesson43 begin 1:17:43 Lesson43A begin 41:18 L43-01 begin 5’23”

§ Lesson 43 Fully insured 全保险
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●insure v. 投保
●fete n. 游园会
●premium n. 保险费
●recover v. 使......得到补偿，弥补
●admittedly adv. 公认地
●purchase v. 买
●annual adj. 一年一度的
●teenager n. （13至19岁的）青少年
●capsize v. （船）翻
●shiver v. 打颤，发抖
●dive v. （头向下）跳水
●haul v. 拖曵
●hawser n. 粗缆绳
●rim n. （圆形物品的）外沿，边
●winch n. 绞车
●agonizing adj. 精神紧张的，提心吊胆的
●perch v. 处于
●precariously adv. 危险地，不稳固地
●overbalance v. 失去平衡
●clamp n. 夹钳，夹板
●vertically adv. 垂直地
●torrent n. 激流，洪流
●rebound v. 弹回

◆insure v. 投保
insure== make a contract that promises to pay a sum of money in case of accident, damage, loss, etc.
insure sb/sth against 给…上保险以防…
insurance n.
insurance company 保险公司
assure 向......保证，使确信，它的宾语一定是人。
I assure you that I’ll bring you happiness. 我向你保证能给你带来幸福。
ensure v. 保证，确保宾语可以是物
Hard work can ensure our success.
guarantee 担保（指担保人的优秀品质，视之某物的质量
I can guarantee the watch for ten months.

L43-01 end 5’23”

L43-02 begin 12’34”

◆fete n. 游园会
◆premium n. 保险费
◆recover v. 使......得到补偿，弥补
recover vi 康复 recover from
recover vt. ==make up for, compensate for
Eg: Nothing can recover our health.
regain 经过努力而获得......
regain one’s courage 重新获得勇气
recover one’s courage 恢复勇气
He regained / recovered his enthusiasm. 他又恢复了他的热情。
restore vt. 恢复健康, 恢复原状
He has been restored.
heal 治愈伤口
His wound has healed. 他的伤口已经痊愈了。

◆admittedly adv. 公认地
inevitably 不可避免地
Admittedly he is a great person.
admittedly == we are admitting that

◆purchase v. 买
buy vt.
purchase 比buy 要正式，主要用于书面语，还可以是名词
Can you purchase fredom with money?
I need not remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.(二册L41)
purchase money 买进的价格
purchasing power 购买力
Not worth a day’s purchase 危在旦夕
Eg: His life is not worth a day’s purchase.

◆annual adj. 一年一度的

◆teenager n. （13至19岁的）青少年

◆capsize vi. （船）翻
Eg: The ship capsized because of the rough wave.

◆shiver v. 打颤，发抖
shiver == tremble
整体的颤抖用shiver, 部分的用tremble
Eg: His hands are trembling.
He is shivering with cold.
Eg: His trembling voice betrayed his secret. 他颤抖的声音泄漏了他的秘密。
Shudder 因为寒冷害怕的因素导致的全身抖动

◆dive v. （头向下）跳水
◆haul v. 拖曳
haul == pull with effort our force 强调用力去拉
Eg: They hauled the boat up the beach.
pull 连续不断地拉（应用范围最广泛）

L43-02 end 12’34”

L43-03 begin 11’46”

drag 拖拉(两者之间有摩擦力)
Eg: The stone was so heavy that I had to drag it into the room.
After a day’s hard work, I dragged myself home. 工作了一天我拖着疲惫的身躯回了家
Drag oneself to 拖着疲惫的身躯去……
tug 强调飞快的拖拉
Tow 借助外力拖拉较大较重的物体

◆hawser n. 粗缆绳
◆rim n. （圆形物品的）外沿，边
◆winch n. 绞车
◆agonizing adj. 精神紧张的，提心吊胆的
agonize v. 使精神紧张，使极度痛苦
agonized 感到精神紧张
agony n. == great pain 极度痛苦
He couldn’t carry out his resolution so he was so agony. 他不能实现他的坚定的决心而感到极度痛苦。
At the news he is in an agony of joy. 听到消息他感到极度的高兴。（agony 加强语气）

◆perch v. 处于（高处）
locate, situate 是正式用词，vt.
perch vi.
A bird perched on the branch of the tree for the moment.
perch on 栖息
The little village perches among the hills.这个小山村高高地位于群山之中。
Knock sb off his perch 打败、击败
Eg: I knocked him off his perch yesterday.
come off one’s perch 不再骄傲自大＝put your pride in your pocket.
put your pride in your pocket.

◆◆◆precariously adv. 危险地，不稳固地

L43-03 end 11’46”

L43-04 begin 11’43”

Precarious = unsafe, unsteady, not firm 强调不安全，不稳定，不稳固而导致的危险
An actress’s life would be too precarious for me. 不稳定
dangerous 危险的常用词
Eg: Playing with matches is dangerous.
hazardous 碰运气的，冒险的而导致的危险
Climbing the high mountain is hazardous.
adventruous 爱冒险的，胆子很大的
perilous 语义程度比dangerous 要高的多，强调被伤害或被杀害的危险
Eg: It is perilous to do so. 这么做有可能会丢了性命。

◆overbalance v. 失去平衡
◆clamp n. 夹钳，夹板
◆vertically adv. 垂直地
vertical adj.
反义词： horizontlly 平行地
horizon 地平线
I draw a line vertically / horizontally.

◆torrent n. 激流，洪流
torrent = rough wave
◆rebound v. 弹回
Eg: The ball is rebounded. 球被弱回来了。

【Text】
§ Lesson 43 Fully insured 全保险
Q： Who owned the pie dish and why?

Insurance companies are normally willing to insure anything. Insuring public or private property is a standard practice in most countries in the world. If, however, you were holding an open air garden party or a fete it would be equally possible to insure yourself in the event of bad weather. Needless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance company takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay. It is not uncommon to hear that a ship ping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship. But the claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of salvaging a sunken pie dish must surely be unique.
Admittedly it was an unusual pie dish, for it was eighteen feet long and six feet wide. It had been purchased by a local authority so that an enormous pie could be baked for an annual fair. The pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal, so they insured it for the trip. Shortly after it was launched, the pie committee went to a local inn to celebrate. At the same time, a number of teenagers climbed on to the dish and held a little party of their own. Dancing proved to be more than the dish could bear, for during the party it capsized and sank in seven feet of water.
The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish. Shivering in their wet clothes, the teenagers looked on while three men dived repeatedly into the water to locate the dish. They had little difficulty in finding it, but hauling it out of the water proved to be a serious problem. The sides of the dish were so smooth that it was almost impossible to attach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it. Eventually chains were fixed to one end of the dish and a powerful winch was put into operation. The dish rose to the surface and was gently drawn towards the canal bank. For one agonizing moment, the dish was perched precariously on the bank of the canal, but it suddenly overbalanced and slid back into the water. The men were now obliged to try once more. This time they fixed heavy metal clamps to both sides of the dish so that they could fasten the chains. The dish now had to be lifted vertically because one edge was resting against the side of the canal. The winch was again put into operation and one of the men started up the truck. Several minutes later, the dish was successfully hauled above the surface of the water. Water streamed in torrents over its sides with such force that it set up a huge wave in the canal. There was danger that the wave would rebound off the other side of the bank and send the dish plunging into the water again. By working at tremendous speed, the men managed to get the dish on to dry land before the wave returned.

参考译文
保险公司一般说来愿意承保一切东西。承办公共财产或私人财产保险是世界上大部分国家的正常业务。如果你要举办一次露天游园会或盛宴，为避免碰上不好的天气而遭受损失也同样可以保险，不用说，保险公司承担风险越大，你付的保险费也就越高。航运公司为打捞沉船而提出索赔，这是常有的事，但某地当局为打捞一只焙制馅饼的盘子提出索赔，倒是件新鲜的事儿。
这个馅饼盘子确实少见，有18英尺长，6英尺宽。某地方当局买下它用来焙制一个巨大的馅饼为一年一度交易会助兴。馅饼委员会确认运输这只盘子的最佳方案是通过运河水运。于是，他们对这只盘子的运输安全投了保。盘子下水后不久，馅饼委员会成员们来到当地一家小酒店庆贺。就在这个时候，许多十几岁的孩子爬盘子举行他们自己的集会。他们跳起了舞，盘子难以承受。舞会进行过程中，盘子倾覆，沉入了7英尺深的水中。
馅饼委员会给当地汽车修理库老板打电话，他闻讯后开着一辆急修车前来打捞盘子。那些孩子们穿着湿衣服哆嗦，看着3个工人轮潜入水中以确定盘子的位置。他们没费多大事儿就找到了盘子。可是把盘子捞出却是一个很大的难题。盘子四边十分光滑，要在盘边拴上绳索或链条而同时又不损坏它是很难办到的。不过，他们终于将链条固定在盘子的一端，一台大功率的绞车开动起来。盘子慢慢浮出水面，被轻轻地拽向运河岸边。在令人忐忑不安的瞬间，盘子晃晃悠悠地上了岸，但它突然失去了平衡，又跌回水中。工人们只得再来一次。这次，他们用沉重的金属夹子把盘子夹住，以便往盘子上安装铁链。这次，盘子必须垂直吊出水面，因为盘子的一边紧靠着运河河岸。绞盘机再次启动，一位工人发动了急修车的引擎。几分钟后，盘子被成功地拽出了水面。波浪从盘子两侧急涌而出，在运河里掀起一股大浪。但是当波浪从河对岸折回来时，就有再次把盘子拖进水里的危险。工人们动作迅速，终于赶在那股大浪返回之前把盘子拽到了岸上。

【课文讲解】

背熟：Insurance companies are normally willing to insure anything.

Eg: This practice is accepted and it is acceptable.

In the event of == in case of 以防万一; 如果发生；倘若

L43-04 end 11’43”
Lesson43A end 41:18

Lesson43B begin 36:25
L43-05 begin 11’19”

In the event of being sick, you’d better not go to the party.
in the event that
You must work harder and harder in the event that you get the frustration.
In the event that you will get the frustration you must work harder and harder.

背熟：Needless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance company takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay.

Take the risk 冒险，承担风险

背熟：It is not uncommon to hear that a ship ping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship.
双重否定：
1，Not + 否定形容词 : Is not unreasonable
2，not + without I can’t live without you
3, no + not/ no + no There is no cat that doesn’t like fish
There is nothing he can’t do.
There is no rule that has no exception / that doesn’t have exception.

Make a claim 提出索赔要求

unique ==very much particular 独一无二
需要作出艰苦努力的自我约束： Self-discipline required a sedulous work.
to == in order to
From finding a right place to put the latest edition.
From finding the right place for us to put the latest edition.

L43-05 end 11’19”

L43-06 begin 12’55”

这是一项可以使你学好英语的计划。
This is a good plan for you in order to learn English well. (×)
This is a good plan for you to learn English well. (√)

the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方法
progress 进展

背熟：Dancing proved to be more than the dish could bear, for during the party it capsized and sank in seven feet of water.

prove (to be )

The pie committee telephoned a local garage owner who arrived in a recovery truck to salvage the pie dish.

背熟：Shivering in their wet clothes, the teenagers looked on while three men dived repeatedly into the water to locate the dish.
difficulty 不可数名词，费力
可数名词，各种困难的事情
have much difficulty 很费力

haul 从下往上拖
drag 平行的拖拉，接触面的拖拉

L43-06 end 12’55”

L43-07 begin 12’20”

背熟：it was almost impossible to attach hawsers and chains to the rim without damaging it.
attach to
attach == tie 栓，系
rim == the sides of the dish

Eventually == at last 语气比at last 强烈得多，
终于：强调失败的结果用in the end 表示成功用at last, eventually
eventually 重点强调经过努力而终于……
finally 只表示顺序的最后

put into operation = use
draw 表示连续不停地拉

背熟：For one agonizing moment, 在令人忐忑不安的瞬间
precariously == unsteady, unfirmly

be obliged to do == be forced to do

so that== in order that
lift 提起，吊起，由低到高的动作

背熟：There was danger that the wave would rebound off the other side of the bank and send the dish plunging into the water again.

send 造成，使得，+ v-ing (作宾语补足语)
什么使得你这么做呢？ What sent you doing so?
如果大浪从对岸折回来的话，这个盘子就会重新落入水中。

pie dish would have been sent to water
If the hoge wave had rebounded off the other side of the bank, it would have sent dish plunging into the water again.

manage to do == be able to do, succeed in doing
重点是第一自然段，应该背熟。
L43-07 end 12’20” Lesson43B end 36:25 Lesson43 end 1:17:43

Lesson44 begin 2:45:08 Lesson44A begin 1:32:39 L44-01 begin 18’05”

§ Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 又快捷又舒适
If I ask you to write a composition about the advantage of travelling by air, what will you illustrate, how will you arrange your composition?
refer to L41
1. offer your topic of the advantage of travelling by air.
2. 通过对比法
3. State your view
要求全文背诵
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●positively adv. 绝对地，完全地
●compartment n. 列车客车厢内的分隔间（或单间）
●cramped adj. 窄小的
●stuffy adj. 憋气的，闷气的
●monotonous adj. 枯燥的，乏味的，单调的
●rhythm n. 有节奏的运动
●click v. 发出咔哒声
●lull v. 催人欲睡
●snatch n. 短时，片段
●sleeper n. 卧铺
●fumble v. 乱摸，摸索
●inspection n. 检查
●inevitably adv. 必然地，不可避免地
●destination n. 目的地
●exhaust v. 使精疲力尽
●motorway n. 快车道
●ferry n. 渡船
●cruise n. 巡游船
●civilize v. 使文明；civilization n. 文明；civilized adj. 文明的
●spacious adj. 宽敞的
●seasick adj. 晕船的；airsick adj. 晕飞机的；carsick adj. 晕车的
●intimidate v. 恐吓，恫吓
●disadvantage n. 短处，缺点
●exhilarating adj. 使人高兴的，令人兴奋的
●escapist n. 逍遥者
●sip v. 呷，啜
●champagne n. 香槟酒
●refinement n. 精心的安排
●breathtaking adj. 激动人心的；不寻常的
●soar v. 高飞，翱翔
●effortlessly adv. 不费力地
●landscape n. 景色
●fresh adj. 精神饱满的
●uncrumpled adj. 没有跨下来

◆positively adv. 绝对地，完全地
in a positive way
doubt; doubtful; uncertain; dubious 表示不是很肯定
The food is positively uneatable.
Can you really do it positively?
在这儿相当于sure, of cause, certainly, no problem
a piece of cake, no sweat, it’s a snack 都表示不成问题
I bet 我肯定

◆compartment n. 列车客车厢内的分隔间（或单间）
◆cramped adj. 窄小的
◆stuffy adj. 憋气的，闷气的
== airless
That classroom must be stuffy.

◆rhythm n. 有节奏的运动
◆click v. 发出咔哒声
roar 车辆飞快行驶发出的声音
bark 狗叫
Don’t bark your order at me.

◆monotonous adj. 枯燥的，乏味的，单调的
tedious, dull, uninteresting
monotonous == lacking variety
Eg: I don’t like the way of your teaching, it is monotonous.
I hate the monotonous rhythm of travelling by train.
tedious 乏味的（重点突出long and uninteresting 冗长乏味的）
Eg: Your article is tedious.
dull 语意比较弱，= uninteresting
Eg: I can’t get along well with Mary, she is a dull girl.
Look at that dull person.
Tiresome == tiring 由于疲劳而厌倦
tired
Eg: He is tired of sleeping on the floor, because he has done so for ten years.
Long lasting meetings are tiring .
You are tiresome.
You are a little bit tiresome.
handsome
bore v.
bored adj.
boring adj. 持续时间过长而厌倦
Eg : I am tired of doing so.
I am bored with doing so. 我厌烦这么做。
be tired of
be bored with

◆lull v. 催人欲睡
vt. ==cause sb. to sleep
Eg: The mother lulled her baby to sleep.
lull sb to sleep 催人入睡
lull vi.风和日丽
What a good day, the wind lulled.
lullaby 催眠曲

◆◆◆snatch n. 短时，片段
catch, seize, grab,
in snatches 断断续续地
Eg: On the train, we sleep in snatches.

◆sleeper n. 卧铺
◆fumble vt. 乱摸，摸索
Eg: He fumbled the door open. 他摸索着把门打开了。
He put his hand into his pocket to take the key out.
He fumbled in his pocket for the key.
search for

◆inspection n. 检查
◆◆◆inevitably adv. 必然地，不可避免地
Eg: Human beings are mortal, so inevitable we make mistakes, no matter how wise and eminent you are.

◆destination n. 目的地

L44-01 end 18’05”

L44-02 begin 18’48”

◆exhaust vt. 使精疲力尽
exhausted adj.
exhausting adj.
tire out
Eg: I’m exhausted. 我精疲力尽了。
What exhausts you? 什么使你精疲力尽呀？
I’m tired out.
wear out 使疲劳，使磨损
worn
worn out
Eg: Look, your dress is worn out. 瞧，你的衣服穿坏了。
After a day’s work hard, I am worn out.
knock out
Knock sb out 1，把某人打晕，2，某人筋疲力尽

Eg: The arduous work knocked me out. 这项艰难的工作使我精疲力尽。
Fatigue 使筋疲力尽，使疲劳（书面）
Eg: The piece of work fatigues me.
Does your work fatigue you?

◆motorway n. 快车道
express way, highway

◆ferry n. 渡船
◆cruise n. 巡游船
◆civilize v. 使文明
◆◆◆spacious adj. 宽敞的
Eg: Is your classroom spacious?
Our classroom is not so spacious as that one.
I would like to lie in the spacious classroom instead of sitting here.
==roomy
a roomy house
capacious 容量大的
capacity 容量
commodious 宽敞的，便利的 (== roomy and convenient )
Eg: The cinema is both roomy and convenient.
The cinema is commodious.
expansive 易膨胀的，广阔的
Eg: I’d like to appreciate expansive sea / ocean. 我喜欢欣赏浩瀚的海洋。
vast 幅员辽阔的
Eg: The desert in our country is vast, that is a major problem.
extensive 广泛的，广阔的
extensive reading 泛读
intensive reading 精读
Eg: You can enlarge you vocabulary by intensive reading.
widespread 流传广的，分布广的
Eg: The kind of news is widespread.
far-reaching 触及很远的，流传久远的
Eg: I have a good idea and it is far-reaching.

◆seasick adj. 晕船的
airsick 晕飞机的
carsick 晕车的
bicyclesick 晕自行车的
bussick晕公交车的
homesick 想家的
分别在词尾加上后缀-ness变成名词
homesickness 思乡之情

◆intimidate v. 恐吓，恫吓
frighten, horrify, terrify
Eg: Nothing can intimidate me.

◆disadvantage n. 短处，缺点
◆◆◆exhilarating adj. 使人高兴的，令人兴奋的
exhilarate vt. == very much excite 比excite 语义强烈得多，正式得多
Eg: I’m exhilatated by your visit. 对于你的来访我是高兴极了。
stimulate 刺激，激励
stimulate sb to do sth 激励某人做某事
Eg: Your courage stimulated me to do so.
inspire激励（通过言辞）
Inspire sb to do 激励某人做某事（通过言辞）
Stir 鼓动，鼓舞
Eg: Who stired you to do it like this? You should look before you leap. 谁鼓动你这么做？你应该三思而后行。
spur 刺激
Eg: His rude remarks spured me.
encourage
Eg: He always encourages me to study hard when I’m unwilling to do so.

◆escapist n. 逍遥者
◆sip v. 呷，啜
vt & n.
== drink a little at a time.
take a sip of sth 喝一点
Eg: I’m really thirsty, would you mind my taking a sip of your coffee?
have a taste of sth 尝一点
Eg: I’m so hungry that I want to have a taste of your cake.
You can take a sip of my coffee, but my cake only belongs to me.

◆champagne n. 香槟酒
◆◆◆refinement n. 精心的安排
refine 使人精力充沛
Eg: Coffee always refined us.
Coffee always made us fresh.

L44-02 end 18’48”

L44-03 begin 18’33”

◆breathtaking adj. 激动人心的；不寻常的
Eg: The picture takes my breath. 这幅画太美了。
The girl takes my breath.
The beautiful dress takes my breath.
decide to go for a trip 决定旅行
Eg: We decided to go for a breathtaking trip.

◆soar v. 高飞，翱翔
Eg: We can’t soar in the blue sky without wings.
soar effortlessly 自由翱翔

◆effortlessly adv. 不费力地
◆landscape n. 景色
landscape 指从高处或远处远望高看的这种大地的漂亮的风光
spectacle == extroordinary sight
scenery 自然风光
scene 场面
view 透过窗户看到的景色
Eg: Our classroom doesn’t have a good view.
The rising sun in the Tai Mountain is a spectacle / landscape.

◆fresh adj. 精神饱满的
a fresh man
Eg: Look at that guy, he is really fresh.他很帅

◆uncrumpled adj. 没有跨下来
Eg: He went home fresh and uncrumpled.

【Text】
§ Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 又快捷又舒适
Q: Which 无效 of transport does the writer prefer, do you think?

People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your ticket for inspection. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic. By comparison, fferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food--always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice up to a third of their holidays for the pleasure of travelling by sea.
Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being tan expensive form of transport. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a free film show and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.

参考译文
出远门的人常常需要决定是走旱路、水路，还是坐飞机。很少有人能够真正喜欢坐几个小时以上的火车。车厢很快就变得拥挤、闷热，想摆脱开旅途的困扰是很难的。看书只能解决部分问题。车轮与铁轨间单调的嘎喳声很快就会送你进入梦乡。白天是忽睡忽醒，到了夜晚，你真想睡了，却很难入睡。即使你走运弄到一个卧铺，夜间有一半时间你会盯着车顶那盏小蓝灯而睡不着觉；要不然就为查票摸索你的车票。一旦抵达目的地，你总是疲惫不堪。乘汽车作长途旅行则更加不舒服，因为连看书都几乎不可能。在公路上还好，你至少能以相当快的速度安全地向前行。但旅行的大部分时间都花在路上，而且只有很少的服务设施，交通也很拥挤。相比之下，坐船旅行或环游可以得到文明世界的各种享受。你可以在甲板上伸展四肢、做游戏，还能也很见到各种有趣的人，能享用各种美味佳肴——当然，这一切只有在大海风平浪静的情况下才有可能。如果大海肆虐起来，你就可能晕船，那种难受劲儿是任何一种别的旅行的方式都不会带来的。即使风平浪静，坐船旅行也要占用很长时间。没有多少人会为享受坐船旅行的乐趣而牺牲假期的时间。
飞机以危险而著称，连老资格的旅行者也怕飞机。飞机另一个缺点是昂贵。但就速度与舒适而言，飞机是无与伦比的。腾云驾雾，在30，000 英尺高空以500英里的时速旅行，这种经历令人心旷神怡。你不必想办法去摆脱旅途的困扰，因为飞机会迅速地把你送到目的地。几小时之内，你躺在扶手椅上，享受着旅途的欢乐。真正会享受的人还可以在某些航班上看一场电影和喝香槟。即使没有这些消遣条件，也总是有事可做。飞机上，你可以观察世界上非同寻常的奇妙的美景。你毫不费劲地飞越高山幽谷，你确能饱览大地的风貌。如果这种景色被遮住了，你可以观赏一下展现在你面前的、一望数英里的、连绵不断的云海，同时阳光灿烂，天空清澈明朗。旅途平稳，丝毫不妨碍你阅读或睡眠。不管你打算如何消磨时间，有件事是可以肯定的，即当你抵达目的地时，你感到精神焕发，毫无倦意，用不着因为漫长的旅途的辛苦而花几天时间休息来恢复精神。

【课文讲解】

People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.
现在分词短语修饰people
people who travel long distance frequently
frequently 定期地，经常地 quite often
have to decide== have to make up their mind
would rather; would sooner 要和动词原形搭配
had better do 最好地
would prefer to do
would rather do

hardly + anyone 等不定代词时不倒装，在这相当于nobody; 或 nearly nobody, virtually nobody

You concentrate your mind on the journey itself, nothing can help you to keep away from it.

take your mind off sth 把某人注意力从…转移开
Eg: A holiday can take your mind off your anxiety.
Do keep your mind off your unhappiness.
I can’t take my mind off my examination, because examination day is coming.

partial solution == one part of solution

L44-03 end 18’33”

L44-04 begin 18’35”

Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.
exhausted 在这里是形容词做状语
wear out; tire out; fatigue; knock out 筋疲力尽

Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read.
The writer emphasize disadvantage of travelling by train.
Travelling by car is moeunpleasant than travelling in the train.

fairly 的语气是最弱的
more often than not 主要用在书面语言当中，means very often, usually, frequetly

By comparison 通过对比
offer == provide
comforts 在这儿指代service

Be likely to do 有可能……
== it is probable that
could not be + 形容词比较级， can not be +形容词比较级，no… could be 表示“没有什么比…”
Eg: Nobody can be more beautiful than you.
No place can / could be better. 没有什么地方比这儿更好。

relatively 相对来讲
Eg: A large number of people are prepared to sacrifice their higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar.
Relatively, few people are prepared to sacrifice their holiday time for the dubious pleasure of travelling by sea.
dubious == uncertain == doubtful

paragraph 2

Aeroplanes are famous / well-known for its being dangerous.

L44_42-04 end 18’35”

L44-05 begin 18’52”

have the disadvantage of
have the reputation of

match sb. for
but nothing can be equal to them.

第二部分当中是采用对比法
It is almost impossible to take your mindoff the journey.
You don’t have to / needn’t devise ways of taking your mind off the journey.

hardly… when
You had hardly had time to feel tired when you arrived at your destination.
on some services 在这里指代on airplane

Keep one’s mind off 转移注意力
Keep sb. occupied 集中注意力

however == no matter how

If you can do without the few pleasures of travelling by land, you will find aeroplanes provide up with the best.

Please illustrate the disadvantage and advantage of studying abroad.
at first, you must illustrate your topic
the disadvantage of studying at home.
the disadvantage of studying abroad.
最后通过实例详细论述出国留学的好处。

关于写作：
三段法
第一段：开门见山
中间段：支持段一般是由一段或两段组成，目的是支持论点
每段的开头一句话和最后一句话一定要和主题密切联系。
参见Lesson 41

L44-05 end 18’52”
Lesson44A end 1:32:39

Lesson44B begin 1:12:29
L44-06 begin 18’43”

最主要的方法有三种：对比法，比较法，例证法
结尾段起到的作用是再次肯定和强调主题，加深读者印象。
段落是由主题句，扩展句组成，扩展句之后是具体的例子。
想表达不同的理论概念，要用转折句。
主题句应该要简练，要明确地表达中心思想。
Eg: 1. The discrimination agaist women is very obvious in the world.
2. The discrimination agaist women is especially obvious in the job of marketing.
3. The discrimination agaist women began in 1910.
topic 应为2。
主题句应该具有概括性，但是概括又不能太宽泛。
主题句确立之后，还要进一步利用扩展句为说明解释主题句的内容。
重复使用关键词。
内容要连贯。

衔接词的使用
1．起（开篇，引出论点）： at first, first, firstly, in the beginning(起初)， first of all, at present(目前), nowadays, currently, to start with, to begin with ,for one thing(首先), for another(其次), in one hand 一方面， in the other hand 另一方面
2．承： to start with, at the same time, at any rate无论如何，
besides此外，除了…之外还有，apart from, in addition, in addition to, furthermore,
in fact 事实上，actually, as a matter of fact, in reality , moreover, no doubt, without any doubt,
similarly 同样地， in the same way , meanwhile, in the meantime, obviously明显地，particularly,
such as, for example, for instance, consequently, as a consequence, as a result,
what is more, what is worse, what is better
above all

L44-06 end (43-02 ) 18’43”

L44-07 begin 16’36”

3．折： after all 毕竟，终究, all the same 虽然，但是， anyway 无论如何, somehow, but, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, by the time 到这个时候，此时，conversely, on the contrary, despite, in spite of , in contempt of, in disregard of, by contrast, by comparison, fortunately, in other words 换句话说， on the other hand, unlike 和……不同，不像, whereas然而，
Eg: He made a mistake, after all he is a child aged 5.
Even though you are not of most help, I’m grateful to you just the same.
I had expected myself to pass the examination, somehow I failed.
I don’t have the ability to do the work, fortunately my friends romise me to help me.

4．合：主要是用来小结上文的或是用作结尾段: accordingly于是，因此，as has been noted (above) 如前所述的，as has been mentioned, as has been talked of,
at last, finally, lastly, at length,
briefly简而言之，in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, in sum, in summary, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude, on the whole 总起说来
L44-07 end 16’36”
L44-08 begin 15’56”

no doubt 毫无疑问， undoubtedly, truly, certainly, positively, surely, obviously,
Topic 主题
1. 可以使用谚语作为topic
as the saying goes; as proverb goes
2. 定义法
What is advertisement, it is the words or pictures on a media to promote product / the sale of product.
作业：illustrate your opinion about advertisements on media.
3. 可以使用提问法:Lesson 7
illustrate your opinion about friendship
Do you have a good / large circle of friends?
4. 概括法：出现在开头段的首句或末句。
I quite agree with this idea.
5. 间接开头法：先叙述别人的观点，然后引出自己的真实看法。
Eg: People often say that money can buy all the things, but I think it is not true.

读文章时的注意点：
1．注意结构安排
2．找出文章关键词
3．注意每一自然段的段首段尾。

L44-08 end 15’56”

L44-09 begin 11’23”

【Vocabulary 】Page 206
cramped and stuffy: not roomy, not sacious,
lacking space, airless lacking space and air
monotonous 单调乏味的 unchanging
lulls: cause to sleep
in snatches: not continuously
destination: terminal
Destination is a place where someone is going.
stretch your legs: have a rest, go for a walk
sarifice : give up for a purpose

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1. The great disadvantage shared by train and car travel alike is _____ .
a. the fact that one cannot get to sleep on either form of transport
b. the fact that one cannot concentrate on what one is reading
c. the monotony of travelling at fast speeds along railway lines or roads
d. the tedium and discomfort of the journey
The great disadvantage that shared by train and car travel alike as
alike; as well
was adored by the rich and poor alike.

2 An aeroplane journey invariably provides such distractions as _____ .
a. the thought that one has not long to wait before arriving
b. the exhilarating quality of the air one breathes at 30,000 feet
c. being able to watch a film or drink champagne
d. the marvellous views of land or clouds you can see from the plane
distraction 转移注意力
such … as比如……
He can speak such languages as English, Japanese.
背熟题干

3 Having arrived at your destination by air, you will _____ .
a. not feel exhausted as you will have had plenty of sleep
b. feel the expense was worth the comfort and speed of the 500-mile flight
c. have the satisfaction of knowing you could not have got there any faster
d. at least feel fresh though your clothes might be a mass

L44-09 end (44-01) 11’23”

L44-10 begin 10’06”
No forms of transport can be more comfortable and faster than aeroplanes.

Structure
4 People travelling long distances frequently have to decide _____ they would prefer to go by land see or air. (ll.1-2)
a. which b. how c. what d. if

5 If you are _____ a sleeper …(ll.8-9)
a. luckily getting b. lucky and get c. to get luckily d. so lucky to get

★★6 ----and enjoy good food _____ , of course, that the sea is calm. (ll.13-14)
a. provided b. in the event c. in case d. if only
如果内心的期望和事实没有关系，表达“如果”采用的结构形式不是if,不是suppose, 而是providing or provided
Eg: I’ll take all the shirts if / provided you reduce the price to $1 each.

7 In addition, it _____ their being the most expensive form of transport. (l.19)
a. has been a grave disadvantage b. is the great disadvantage that
c. is a great disadvantage d. has been the great disadvantage of
in addition 表示承上启下，除此之外还有
如果用apart from, besides, in addition to, 必须和宾语进行搭配。
it是形式主语
It is no use crying. 哭没有用。
It is no use pretending that I didn’t see him. 假装没看见他是没有用的了。

Vocabulary
★★★8 If it is not and you are _____ , no form of transport could be worse. (ll.14-15)
a. provably seasick b. bad at sailing c. sick of the sea d. prone to seasickness
If it is not == If it is not calm
be prone to sth. to 在这里是介词。
相当于be likely to do表示极有可能。
During cold winter, we are likely to catch cold.
During cold winter, we are prone to cold.

9 Nothing can _____ aeroplanes for speed and comfort. (ll.19-20)
a. match with b. equal c. equal with d. equal to
match 指大小，色调，形状，性质等相配或相称

10 For a few hours, you _____ a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. (ll.22-23)
a. relax in b. sit up in c. sit on d. install
sit up 不睡觉 = stay up
install 安装，固定
Eg: Let us install a television set on the wall.

11 You can enjoy the extraordinary _____ of unbroken cloud plains … (ll.26-7)
a. scene b. vision c. spectacle d. scenery
spectacle = landscape
scenery 自然风光
scene 场景

12 You won’t send the next few days getting _____ a long and arduous journey. (l.30)
a. above b. over c. up from d. away from
get over 从......中恢复过来
Eg: He hasn’t got over his wife’s death.
He doesn’t get over his illness.
get away from 从......逃脱掉。

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 12．B

L44-10 end 10’06” Lesson44B end 1:12:29 Lesson44 end2:45:08

Lesson45 begin 1:19:05 Lesson45A begin 41:21 L45-01 begin 10’28”

§ Lesson 45 The power of the press 新闻报道的威力
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●democrat 民主的
●restrict v. 限制
●abuse v. 滥用
●contention n. 论点
●untold adj. 数不尽的，无限的
●South Dakota 南达科他州（美国）
●perpetual adj. 永久的
●quintuplet n. 五胞胎之一
●obscurity n. 默默无闻
●radically adv. 彻底地，完全地
●exclusive adj. 独占的，独家的
●nursery n. 育婴室，保育室
●commercialization n. 商品化
●commodity n. 商品

◆democrat 民主的

◆restrict v. 限制
keep within a certain limit
Eg: The prisoners’ activity is restricted within marrow limits.
limit: 表示时间、空间、程度等方面的限定，且限定到某一个点
restrict: 只说明限定范围
Eg: Land development must be limited.
He restricts himself to two cigarettes a day.
restrict sb. to 限制在......范围内
confine
confine sb. to
Eg: The boy is confined to the dark room.
The boy is restricted to the dark room.
cramp 限制（限制某人的活动或是限制动植特的生长）
Eg: No body can cramp children.
You can not cramp my activity.
hamper 限制，妨碍;困累
Eg: What hampered you to do so?
The housewife has a lots to do every day, because she is hampered by poverty.
My limited vocabulary hampered my reading.
I am hampered by my limited vocabulary.
★★★impede 限制；妨碍
impede doing sth.
Eg: Nothing will impede my studying English.
bound 限定，以......为界限

L45-01 end 10’28”

L45-02 begin 10’05”

◆abuse v. 滥用
Eg: Don’t abuse your authority. 不要滥用职权。
We shouldn’t abuse our rights.不能乱用自己的权力。
For VIP, they shouldn’t abuse their privilege.

◆contention n. 论点
◆◆◆untold adj. 数不尽的，无限的
==too many to be counted
Eg: There are untold stars in the sky.
I am afflicted by / with untold anxieties.
numerous 无数的
countless anxieties 无数的烦恼
Eg: As human being, we can’t keep ourselves free from countless anxieties.
countable: can be counted
uncountable
number
numberless 无数的，没有房号的
Eg: This is a numberless room.这是一个没有房号的房间。
numberable 数得清的
innumberable 不能数得清的

◆South Dakota 南达科他州（美国）
◆◆◆perpetual adj. 永久的
permanent
eternal
lasting for a long time
everlasting

perpetual : 不休止的，一直持续下去的，不易受阻的
Eg: They are as poor as church mouse, they have to struggle against perpetual poverty.
constant 连续的，不断的
constactly
Eg: It is raining constantly. 雨不停地下着。
continuous 连续不断的
Eg: They have continuous discussion.
They have continuous attempt.
They made great success in their continuous attempt.
continual 频繁的
continually adj.
Eg: It rains continually.最近频繁地在下雨。
It is raining continuously / constantly.
lasting
everlasting 持久的，耐久的
Eg: The pair of trousers is lasting.
Generally speaking, jeans are lasting.

L45-02 end 10’05”

L45-03 begin 10’38”
endless
Eg: You can appreciate endless unbroken clouds.
Studying English is our perpetual task.
eternal adj. 永恒的，永久的，不朽的
immortal
Eg: His name is immortal because the longest suspension bridge was named for him.
temporary
temporary job.
permanent 非临时的，永久的
Eg: In a big city, sometimes we can not get permanent job.

constant; continuous; everlasting; lasting; endless; eternal; permanent; perpetual

◆quintuplet n. 五胞胎之一
◆obscurity n. 默默无闻
in obscurity
Eg: He is in obscurity.
obscure adj. 不起眼的
Eg: The bus stopped at a obscure bus stop.

◆radically adv. 彻底地，完全地
completely, entirely, thoroughly, fully, inclusive

◆◆◆exclusive adj. 独占的，独家的
exclusive 独占的，独家的（not share with others ）
Eg: The swimming pool is for my exclusive use.
exclusive right 独权
Eg: The newspaper offered a large sum of money to the person to get exclusive right to publish his article.
exclusive 排外的，排它的
inclusive 包括在其中的
Eg: The school is exclusive, only very clever children can go to it.
这所学校很排外，只有特别聪明的孩子可以在这儿上学。
The store is exclusive, only very wealthy people can visit it.
这个商场很排外，只有特别有钱的人才能光顾。

◆nursery n. 育婴室，保育室
◆commercialization n. 商品化
◆commodity n. 商品
commodity economy 商品经济
commodity market 商品市场
goods, wares

【Text】
§ Lesson 45 The power of the press 新闻报道的威力
Q： Does the writer think the parents were lucky or unlucky to gain prosperity in this way? Why?

In democratic countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned. However, this freedom can easily be abused. Stories about people often attract far more public attention than political events. Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves. Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by pub- lishing details about their private lives. Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.
The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press. The family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23,000 inhabitants in South Dakota. As the parents had five children, life was a perpetual struggle against poverty. They were expecting their sixth child and faced with even more pressing economic problems. If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed. They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity. But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy, an event which radically changed their lives. The day after the birth of the five children, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers.
The rise to fame was swift. Television cameras and newspapers carried the news to everyone in the country. Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs. Gifts poured in not only from unknown people, but from baby food and soap manufactur-
ers who wished to advertise their products. The old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by a new $500,000 home. Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokes-
men for the family at press conferences. While the five babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in a hospital nursery, their parents were paying the price for fame. It would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives. They had become the victims of commercialization, for their names had acquired a market value. Instead of being five new family members, these children had immediately become a commodity.

参考译文
在民主国家里，任何限制新闻自由的企图都理所当然地受到谴责。然而，这种自由很容易被滥用。常人轶事往往比政治事件更能引起公众注意。我们都喜欢看关于别人生活的报道，但是否同样喜欢看关于自己生活的报道，就很难说了。记者按事实至上的论点行事，发表有关别人生活的细节，有时会给当事人造成极大的痛苦。新闻具有巨大的威力。它们不仅可以给寻常人家的生活带来重大的变化，甚至还能推翻一个政府。
下面这户穷人一夜之间出名发财的故事戏剧性地说明了新闻报道威力。这户人家住在南达科他州一个人口为23，000 的小镇上，镇名为阿拜丁。家里已有5个孩子，全家人常年在贫困中挣扎。第6个孩子即将问世，他们面临着更为严峻的经济问题。如果他们只添了1个孩子，这件事本来就不会引起任何人的注意。这家人会继续为克服经济上的拮据而奋斗，并默默无闻地活下去。但是他们出人意料生了个五胞胎，4女1男。这事使他们的生活发生了根本的变化。五胞胎降生第二天，一架飞机飞抵阿拜丁，随机带来60名记者与摄影师。
这一家迅速出了名。电视摄像机和报纸把消息传送到全国。报纸、杂志出高价向他们购买文字、图片的独家报道权。不但素昧平生的人寄来了大量的礼物，而且婴儿食品、婴儿肥皂制造厂商为了替自己产品做广告也寄来了大量的礼物。这家人住的旧家舍将由一座价值50万美元的新住宅所取代。由于记者纷纷要求会见，他们不得不请了律师充当他们家的发言人举行记者招待会。眼下，五胞胎还静静地躺在医院婴儿室的氧气帐里，他们的父母却为这名声付出了代价，他们再也无法过正常的生活。他们成了商业化的受害者，因为他们的名字具有了市场价值。这些孩子立即成了商品，而不是5个新的家庭成员。

【课文讲解】
要求全文背诵
In fact, the power of the press is beyond our de脚本ion.
any efforts are rightly condemned.
effort 企图
try; attempt 尝试
make every effort; spare no effort; make every endeavor
go to great lenghts
blame
scold
reproach
reprimand
condemn 正式的谴责

L45-03 end 10’19”

L45-04 begin 10’38”

deed行为，行径
Eg: Your deeds should be rightly condemned.

forest authorities 森林当局
education authorities 教育当局
the authorities 有关当局
the authorities of the press 新闻当局

According to this sentence, we know we are much more interested in private stories.
Sometimes some people even want to smell out people’s secrets or particular scandals.

lives of others: 替代story about people

extremely doubtful == extremely uncertain == extremely dubious.
Eg: If a family skeleton is reviewed, one’s reputation will be damaged / destroyed / spoiled / ruined immediately.

equally == in the same way = alile
We wouldn’t like our secret to be reviewed.

Acting on 以......来行事，遵循......来行事
that引导的部分是contention 的同位语从句
When stories published in details by the press are wonderful, you will become famous very soon.
If the story is terrible, your reputation will be ruined immediately.

exert... on sth.
bring about 带来，导致
lead to
cause
result in

L45-04 end 10’38”
Lesson45A end 41:21

Lesson45B begin 37:44
L45-05 begin 10’19”

major: great, considerable
In the first paragraph the writer illustrate how powerful the press is in the general way.

acquire: gain == obtain
acquire fortune: 发财
acuire fame 出了名
make fortune

the city dweller 城市居住者
the country dweller 乡村居住者

expect a baby
in the interesting condition
in the family way
pregnant
be faced with 面临
The window faces the south. 窗户朝南
In the process of studying English, We are faced with a great many problems, which should be surmounted.
surmount 克服
solve problem 解决问题
In teh process of studying English, we are faced with a great many problems, which should be surmounted / got rid of / removed as quickly as possible.

economic: problems = poverty
pressing 紧迫的
unnoticed 形容词做状语
odds n. 各种让人烦的小事

L45-05 end 10’19”

L45-06 begin 10’05”

bear 容忍；生育 born 是bear的过去分词
attract the attention of the press
The rise to the fame is swift==Their being famous was rapid.
huge sums ==huge sums of money
care for 关心
press for == demand
形象地表达出不停的催问

Eg: The students kept pressing for examinations.

L45-06 end 10’05”

L45-07 begin 13’46”
【Vocabulary】 P210

restrict: 限制（restrict to）
confine (confine to ), limit

equally: 同样地
alike, in the same way / degree

contention: 论点
argument

untold：数也数不清的
contless, uncountable, numerous, innumerable, numberless

acquired ：已获得的
got, gained, obtained

perpetual struggle:永无休止的斗争
fight

in obscurity 默默无闻的，不出名的
not being well-known

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 The Press will argue that they have the right to publish a story, although it may seriously affect the individual concerned, because _____ .
a. in a democracy, the individual eserves more attention than politics
b. facts in themselves, however unpleasant they may be, must be respected
c. people not only enjoy reading about others but about themselves as well
d. they only use their power to influence events of national importance
argue
affect 负面的影响
原文：Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.

2 News editiors and reporters wanted to publish the story because _____ .
a. they always defend the freedom of the Press
b. they know that stories about people sell a lot of newspapers
c. they eanted to change the lives of these poor people
d. they believed it was the right thing to do

3 The interest that was taken in the family was _____ .
a. of national importance because of the rise in the birth rate
b. charitable, for people of all kinds were concerned about their poverty
c. so overwhelming that even lawyers attended their press conferences
d. mainly from commercial organizations who wanted to promote their sales

Structure
4 The public are often far more interested _____ political events. (ll.3-4)
a. in people’s stories than b. in stories about people than in
c. with stories about people than d. by people’s stories than by
be interested in...

5 The influence of newspapwers is _____ bring about major changes in the lives of ordinary people but they can even overthrow a government. (ll.8-9)
a. such that not only can they b. so that not only they can
c. such that they cannot only d. so that not only can they
not only...but...
so必须用来修饰形容词或副词
如果强调的是一个主干的名词部分，用such

6 A sixth child _____ expected so they were faced … (ll.12-13)
a. was b. being c. having d. had been
economic problems/ economic odds
perpetual struggle against poverty
被动语态

7 ★★★ While the five babies _____ in oxygen tents… (ll.23-24)
a. were remaining quietly sleeping b. remained quietly sleeping
c. remained to sleep quietly d. remaining were quietly sleeping
remain (系动词)不能用进行时态

Vocabulary
8 Stories about people are often _____ (l.3)
a. of great interest to everyone b. in the public interest
c. a matter of publicity d. publicly attended

9 Newspapers _____ tremendous influence over the lives of ordinary people. (l.8)
a. press b. invoke c. impose d. wield
原文：bring about

L45-07 end 13’46”

L45-08 begin 3’40”

press: 榨汁；熨烫；按住，压住（n. ）出版，发行
invoke 求助，祈求
impose 强加于人
wield 造成（== bring about, cause, result in ）

10 Reporters _____ interviews … (l.22)
a. went on strike for b. went on printing c. made repeated requests for d. were continually
原文： Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokes-
men for the family at press conferences.
pressing for: 不断的催问，要求

11 Lawyers were employed to act as spokesmen _____ the family. (ll.22-23)
a. on account of b. instead of c. on behalf of d. for the sake of
instead of : 代替（某物、谁）
on account of == because of )
for the sake of 出于......的缘故

12 Instead of being five new family members, these children had become _____ .(l.26)
a. victims of commercialization b. something to be bought and sold
c. a public conerience d. a product of the market

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. C 12. A

L45-08 end 3’40” Lesson45B end 37:44 Lesson45 end 1:19:05

Lesson46 begin 1:43:28 Lesson46A begin 48:31 L46-01 begin 9’23”

§ Lesson 46 Do it yourself 自己动手
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●plead v. 找（借口），辩解
●ignorance n. 无知，不懂
●publication n. 出版物
●newlyweds n. 新婚夫妇
●gaily adv. 愉快地，高兴地
●leisure n. 空闲
●keen adj. 热心的，渴望的
●advisory adj. 咨询的
●novice n. 新手
●consumer n. 消费者，顾客
●assemble v. 装配，组装
●outlet n. 出路
●creative adj. 创造性的
●handyman n. 手巧的人，能工巧匠
●resourceful adj. 足智多谋的
●fuse v. 由于烧断保险丝而短路
●rickety adj. 要散架的，晃动的
●clog v. 堵塞
●delusion n. 错觉
●lawn mower 割草机
●adjustment n. 调整
●screw n. 螺丝钉
●dismantle v. 拆卸
●chunk n. （厚）块
●snap v. 绷断
●insurmountable adj. 不能克服的，难以对付的
●jigsaw n. 线锯
●nag v. 唠叨不休
●rust v. 生锈

◆plead v. 找（借口），辩解
plead ignorance: 一无所知
Eg: The authorities plead ignorance.
I pleaded that I was ill so I couldn’t go to the party.
plead that...
pleadable 可辩护的
Eg: This is a pleadable case.
pleading n. 辩护，恳求
pleader n. 辩护人
beg vt. 肯求（可怜地一再要求）
beg sb. not to do
ask 请求，要求（期待肯定的答复）
entreat: 请求（通过反反复复的请求，来说服、软化对方）
implore 要求（迫切地、痛苦地要求）
Eg: The poor man implored me for help.

◆ignorance n. 无知，不懂
◆publication n. 出版物
◆newlyweds n. 新婚夫妇
◆gaily adv. 愉快地，高兴地
◆◆◆leisure n. 空闲
spare time
leisure hours
at leisure 悠闲自得的，空闲的

L46-01 end 9’23”

L46-02 begin 13’05”

Eg: I’m quite at leisure if you want to me to help you.
at one’s leisure 在某人空闲的时候，在某人高兴的时候
Eg: Look me up, at your leisure.
drop in me, at your leisure.
At your leisure, please call me.
wait sb.’s leisure 等某人有空闲的时候

◆◆◆keen adj. 热心的，渴望的
eager, anxious
be keen about 迷上，喜欢上
The boy is keen about footfall.
be keen on sth. 迷上，喜欢上（口）
anxious （焦急的心情，因焦虑而渴望）
eager (因特别想得到或拥有某物而渴求)
Eg: What are you eager for?
keen (因为极大的兴趣和欲念而热衷于)

◆advisory adj. 咨询的
◆novice n. 新手
◆consumer n. 消费者，顾客
◆assemble v. 装配，组装
assemble vi. 众多人的集会
==fit, put the parts / pieces together
Eg: It took me three hours to assemble thy bicycle.
amass, accumulate, collect, gather, assemble, store up, hold up

◆outlet n. 出路
排水口，通风口
a way through which sth. may go out
an outlet for water 排水口
an outlet for air 通风口
Eg: This is an outlet for you to get success.
He wants an outlet for his anger.他需要一个出气筒。
outlet for
inlet 进口，入口

◆creative adj. 创造性的
inventive adj. 善于创造的，发明的

◆handyman n. 手巧的人，能工巧匠
◆◆◆resourceful adj. 足智多谋的
==witty 机智的，俏皮的，言辞巧妙的
wit 智慧，智谋

L46-02 end (46-03) 13’05”

L46-03 begin 13’05”

Eg: He’s in trouble and he’s witts ended.
wit: 智慧，智谋（通常用复数形式）

resource 资源；消遣，娱乐==entertainment, amusement
entertainment 为使某人开心而进行的娱乐和消遣== amusement
resource 消遣的目的是为了打发时间

◆fuse v. 由于烧断保险丝而短路
◆rickety adj. 要散架的，晃动的
◆clog v. 堵塞
◆delusion n. 错觉
◆lawn mower 割草机
◆adjustment n. 调整
adjust 指调整，调节，使之适应

◆◆◆screw n. 螺丝钉
screw vt. 1. 拧
screw down 用螺丝钉固定住；约束
screw up 固定住；把.....揉成一团
screw out 拧出来；勉强拿出，逼出
screw around 鬼混；闲逛
as he has a screw loose / missing
Eg: Don’t have a chat with him as he has a screw loose. 不要跟他闲聊，他这个人疯疯颠颠的。
You must have your head screwed properly. 你必须保持头脑清醒。

L46-03 end 13’05”

L46-04 begin 13’05”

◆dismantle v. 拆卸
take apart
He took a longmor apart.

◆chunk n. （厚）块
◆snap v. 绷断
猛咬（==bite）；拍快照

break suddenly
The chain snap suddenly.
snap one’s fingers at sb. 弹响指
snap sth. up 迅速地抓住机会抢购
Eg: The cheapist dresses were quickly snapped up. 抢购一空
in a snap 立刻，马上
It is a snap. 很轻松，小菜一碟

◆insurmountable adj. 不能克服的，难以对付的
==cannot be overcome
surmount: 克服 surmount difficulty
Eg:They are faced with insurmountable difficulties.
vanquish: 克服

◆jigsaw n. 线锯
◆nag v. 唠叨不休
◆rust v. 生锈

【Text】
§ Lesson 46 Do it yourself 自己动手
Q： Did the writer repair his lawn mower in the end? Why / Why not?

So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingIy less dependent on specialized labour. No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer, for there are countless do-it-yourself publications. Armed with the right tools and materials, newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes. Men, particularly, spend hours of their leisure time installing their own fireplaces, laying out their own gardens; building garages and making furniture. Some really keen enthusiasts go so far as to build their own computers. Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not only by running special advisory services for novices, but by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home. Such things provide an excellent outlet for pent up creative energy, but unfortunately not all of us are born handymen.
Some wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and can fix anything. Even men who can hardly drive a nail in straight are supposed to be born electricians, carpenters, plumbers and me-
chanics. When lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, some women assume that their husbands will somehow put things right. The worst thing about the do-it-yourself game is that sometimes even men live under the delusion that they can do anything, even when they have repeatedly been proved wrong. It is a question of pride as much as anything else.
Last spring my wife suggested that I call in a man to look at our lawn mower. It had broken down the previous summer, and though I promised to repair it, I had never got round to it. I would not hear of the suggestion and said that I would fix it myself. One Saturday afternoon, I hauled the machine into the garden and had a close look at it. As far as I could see, it only needed a minor adjustment: a turn of a screw here, a little tightening up there, a drop of oil and it would be as good as new. Inevitably the repair job was not quite so simple. The mower firmly refused to mow, so I decided to dismantle it. The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal which had once made up a lawn mower. But I was extremely pleased with myself. I had traced the cause of the trouble. One of the links in the chain that drives the wheels had snapped. After buying a new chain I was faced with the insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together again. I was not surprised to find that the machine still refused to work after I had reassembled it, for the simple reason that I was left with several curiously shaped bits of metal which did not seem to fit anywhere. I gave up in despair. The weeks passed and the grass grew. When my wife nagged me to do something about it, I told her that either I would have to buy a new mower or let the grass grow. Needless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle. Buried somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawn-mower which I have prom-
ised to repair one day.

参考译文
现在我们自己动手做事的热情很高，结果对于专业工人的依赖越来越少了。由于出版了不计其数的教人自己动手做事的书报杂志，没有人再能说对某事一无所知。新婚夫妇找来合适的工具和材料，喜气洋洋地开始布置新房。特别是男人，常利用空闲时间安装壁炉、布置花园、建造车库、制作家具。有些热衷于自己动手的人甚至自己组装电脑。为了满足自己动手热的需要，商店不仅为初学者提供专门的咨询服务，而且为顾客准备了各种零件，供他们买回家去安装。这些东西为人们潜在的创造力提供了一个绝妙的用武之地。但不幸的是，我们并非人人都是能工巧匠。
妻子常常认为她们的丈夫无比聪明能干。甚至那些连一枚钉子都钉不直的男人都被认为是天生的电工、木匠、水管工和机械师。每当电灯保险丝烧断、家具榫头松动、管道堵塞、吸尘器不动时，有些妻子认为丈夫总有办法。自己动手的例子中最糟糕的是，有时甚至是男人尽管接连失败却还误以为自己什么都行，原因就是要面子。
今年春天，妻子让我请人检查一下我家的割草机。那台割草机去年夏天就坏了，尽管我答应修，但一直没抽出时间，我不愿听妻子的建议，说我自己会修。一个星期六的下午，我把割草机拉到了花园里，仔细检查了一番。在我看来，只需稍加调整即可。这儿紧紧螺丝，那儿固定一下，再加几滴油，就会像新的一样了。事实上，修理工作远不是那么简单。修完后割草机还是纹丝不动。于是，我决定把它拆开。一会儿工夫，割草机便被拆成一个个金属零件，乱七八糟地堆在花园里。但我却非常高兴，因为我找到了毛病所在。驱动轮子的链条断了一节。我买来一根新链条后，面临的就是如何把这些令人眼花缭乱的拼板重新组装起来。等我装完后，那台割草机仍然一动不动，对此我倒并不感到吃惊。原因很简单，因为还剩下几个形状奇特的零件似乎哪里也装不上去。我无可奈何，只好罢休。几个星期过去了，草长了起来。妻子喋喋不休让我想点办法。我告诉她，要么买一台新割草机，要么让草长下去。不用说，我家现在已被丛林包围。深草丛中的某个地方有一台正在生锈的割草机，那就是我曾答应某日要修理的割草机。

【课文讲解】
本文非常优秀，一是在句子结构上，二是在系列短语上
背诵：So great is our passion for doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingIy less dependent on specialized labour.
此句的基本句型是so...that... 引导的结果状语从句，为了强调great这个词，把so great 提到句首，因此主谓语要倒装。
passion 热情
passion for doing sth.
be / become dependent on ≠ independent
less dependent = more independent
specialized == skillful

背诵：No one can plead ignorance of a subject any longer,
plead ignorance of sth. 对......一无所知
Eg: He pleade ignorance of the accident.

countless 不计其数的

背诵：Armed with the right tools and materials, newlyweds gaily embark on the task of decorating their own homes.
armed with 佩戴上

L46-04 end 13’05”
Lesson46A end 48:31

Lesson46B begin 54:56
L46-05 begin (47-02) 13’58”
gaily == happily, cheerfully
embark on doing sth. 从事做（新的、难度大的事情）==start sth. (new or difficult)
lay out 安排，布置
go so far as to do: 竟然到了干......的地步
Eg: Oh, my god, he went so far as to refuse my demand.
She goes so far as to go shopping / with it shop every day.
keen: 感兴趣的，热心的
enthusiasm 热情

cater for 满足，迎合人们的需要== provide what is necessary
Eg: Our school tries to cater for students needs / demands.

do-it-yourself 合成形容词
craze== passion
bits and pieces 备件，零件
特点：重复介词使用
in dread of: 害怕

背诵：Such things provide an excellent outlet for pent up creative energy,
provide an outlet for: 寻找......出路
pent up：被压抑的 ==oppressed
potential 潜在的

not all of us 部分的否定
none of us 全部的否定
born：生来就是

L46-05 end 13’58”

L46-06 begin 14’08”

背诵：Some wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and can fix anything.
Some wives live under the illusion that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and can fix anything.
tend to: 倾向于
tend to do sth. 有.....倾向
tend to sth. 照料，伺候==attend to (应付，对付==deal with)

背诵：Even men who can hardly drive a nail in straight are supposed to be born electricians, carpenters,
be supposed to 一致公认

背诵：When lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, some women assume that their husbands will somehow put things right.
some women assume that their husbands will somehow put things right.
presume: 表示猜测，主观判断，有事实可以依据
assume: 主观武断的认为
L44: You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food--always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm.

The worst thing is that...最糟糕的事情
delusion(语气强烈)==illusion

背诵：The worst thing about the do-it- yourself game is that sometimes even men live under the delusion that they can do anything, even when they have repeatedly been proved wrong.

背诵：It is a question of pride as much as anything else.
It is a question of pride...
as much as anything (else) 加强语气==very, very much

call in a man to look at sth.
break down: 坏掉了
fail to operate

L46-06 end 14’08”

L46-07 begin 14’15”

get / come round to sth. 抽出时间做某事
make time to do sth. / spare time to do sth.
Eg: I got round to writing the letter after two days delay.

as far as I could see == as far as I knew / as far as I could find / discover 在我看来
minor≠major
it would be as good as new
as good as 几乎，差不多==almost, actually, virtually, nearly
Eg: He as good as turned me down. 他实际上就是拒绝了我。
inevitably 不可避免地

背诵：The garden was soon littered with chunks of metal which had once made up a lawn-mower.
be littered with 放满了

make up 表示一种状态
assemble:强调动作

背诵：I had traced the cause of the trouble.
trace: 跟踪==find, discover

背诵：After buying a new chain I was faced with the insurmountable task of putting the confusing jigsaw puzzle together again.
be faced with 面对，面临
confusing == puzzling, perplexing

for the simple reason that: 出于这个简单的原因

背诵：Buried somewhere in deep grass there is a rusting lawn-mower which I have promised to repair one day.
buried somewhere in deep grass... 连接上下文，加强语气，修饰lawn mower

L46-07 end 14’15”

L46-08 begin 12’09”

【Vocabulary】 P214

Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: inreasingly(l.2); plead ignorance (l.3); gaily embark on the task (l.5); installing (l.7); novices (l.9); repeatedly (l.17)
increasingly: more and more
plead ignorance 找借口辩解说不知情（=get an excuse for not knowing）
gaily embark on the task: happily start the job
installing: fixing
novice: 新手 beginner / learner
repeatedly : 反反复复地，重复地（=again and again; renewedly）

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 Why did the writer’s wife suggest calling in a man to look at the mower?
a. To get her husband to mend it, believing him to be a born carpenter.
b. She had forgotten that her husband had promised to mend it.
c. She suspected it would otherwise remain unrepaired and the grass uncut.
d. Her husband had repeatedly tried mending it already without success.
suspected (that )... / doubt whether...
remain unrepaired uncut

2 The writer decided to dismantle the mower because _____ .
a. it was a Saturday and he had the time to spare
b. he had discovered the cause of the trouble
c. he thought it was a sure way of roving it would not work
d. what repairs he had already carried out had not proved adequate
dismantle: take apart 拆开
adequate: enough
背熟：what repairs he had already carried out had not proved adequate

3 The writer’s house is now surrounded by a jungle because _____ .
a. he lost several pieces of the mower in the process of dismantling it
b. by now the lawn mower is too rusty to cut the grass with
c. besides not having cut the grass, he has failed to cut down the trees
d. his wife was not prepared to let him buy a new lawn mower
be prepared to do

Structure
4 ★★★ ---- that we are _____ dependent on specialized labour as we used to be. (ll.1-2)
a. increasingly less b. becoming not so c. not nearly as d. becoming less
as...as
used to be
Eg: He doesn’t work as hard as he used to.

5 Whatever it is, a fused light, _____ furniture, a clogged pipe, a broken-down vacuum cleaner, wives automatically assume... (ll.14-15)
a. shaked b. a shaken c. a shaky d. shaky
平行结构

6 ---- my wife said to me: ‘Darling, _____ call someone in to look at the lawn mower?’ (l.18)
a. why don’t you b. why you don’t c. would you be kind to d.do you kindly
suggest doing sth. ----Why don’t you? Why not?

7 ---- which I have promised to get round _____ one day. (l.19)
a. to repair it b. to repairing c. repairing d. to repairing it
get round to doing / come round to doing

Vocabulary
8 To plead ignorance of a subject is no longer a _____ , for there are... (ll.2-4)
a. wise precauting b. literary discussion c. legitimate excuse d. reasonable allowance
precaution: 预防措施 take precautions
legitimate: reasonable

9 Men, _____ spend hours of their leisure time on do-it-yourself. (ll.6-7)
a. mostly b. especially c. rather d. specially
particularly, especially

10 Some women assume that their husbands will somehow put things _____ (ll.14-15)
a. in order b. well c. in straight d. correctly

L46-08 end 12’09”

L46-09 begin 0’37”

11 I was left with bits of metal which did not seem to _____ anywhere. (l.28)
a. fasten b. suit c. go d. fix
suit 指合乎要求，口味，性格

12 _____ , our house is now surrounded by a jungle. (ll.29-30)
a. As a matter of fact b. As you can imagine c. As a result d. As a last resort

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. B

L 46-09 end 0’37” Lesson46B end 54:56 Lesson46 end 1:43:28

Lesson47 begin 1:43:18 Lesson47A begin 48:29 L47-01 begin 12’05”
§ Lesson 47 Too high a price? 代价太高
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●pollution n. 污染
●overpopulated adj. 人口多的
●over-industrialized adj. 过度工业化的
●sheer adj. 纯粹的，不掺杂的
●worldwide adv. 在全世界
●overwhelm v. 制服，使不知所措
●pollute v. 污染
●pesticide n. 杀虫剂
●fertilizer n. 肥料
●salmonella n. 沙门氏菌
●listeia n. 利斯特杆菌
●vegetarian n. 吃素的人
●organically-grown adj. 有机培植的（不施化肥和其他化学品培植）
●insidious adj. 暗中为害的
●urban adj. 城市的
●burglar n. 窃贼
●burgle v. 入室偷窃
●scream v. 尖叫
●profound adj. 极度的
●irritation n. 烦躁
●incessantly adv. 连续不断地
●whine v. 发呜呜声
●helicopter n. 直升飞机
●maximum adj. 最大的
●technology n. 技术
●contribution n. 贡献
●mobile adj. 可移动的
●snore v. 打鼾
●offender n. 冒犯者
●staggering adj. 令人惊愕的
●trumpet v. 吹号
●partner n. 伙伴

◆pollution n. 污染
More and more water is been pollution.
Pollution is the major problem we are faced with.
pollute
polluted
pollution
polluter 污染源
Eg: Gases from cars are one of the polluters of air pollution.
contaminate
taint
defile
pollute
poison

◆overpopulated adj. 人口多的
overpeopled
sparsely-populated community
sparsely-peopled
population
Eg: What’s the population in your country?
Our country has a population of one billion.
The city has a population of two million.
population explosion
populous adj.
crowd 公交车拥挤 crewed
Eg: The narrow street is populous with people.
The most populous province in China is Shichun.
province 省
The most populous country in the world is China.

◆over-industrialized adj. 过度工业化的
◆sheer adj. 纯粹的，不掺杂的
有四个基本语意
1．pure unmixed
2. steep shere cliff

L46-09_47-01 end 12’45”

L47-02 begin 12’03”
3. complete
Eg: What are you talking about sheer nonsense?
4. transparent
sheer silk stockings

◆worldwide adv. 在全世界
◆overwhelm v. 制服，使不知所措
Eg: He was overwhelmed by grief. 他伤心至极
Grief seized him.
Your kindness quite overwhelms me.您的这份好心使我感动得难以言表。（被你制服了）
If our country were overwhelm by pollution, it would be terrible.
conquer
overcome
get rid of
insumountable
vanquish

◆pollute v. 污染
◆pesticide n. 杀虫剂
◆fertilizer n. 肥料
◆salmonella n. 沙门氏菌
◆listeia n. 利斯特杆菌
◆vegetarian n. 吃素的人
◆organically-grown adj. 有机培植的（不施化肥和其他化学品培植）
◆insidious adj. 暗中为害的
◆urban adj. 城市的
◆burglar n. 窃贼
◆burgle v. 入室偷窃
◆scream v. 尖叫
scream at

◆profound adj. 极度的
intence
extreme
complete
Eg: Yesterday he had a profound sleep.
He is afflicted with profound anxieties.
knowledgable
He is a profound scholar.

◆irritation n. 烦躁
irritate v. 使烦躁
irriteted
irriteting

L47-02 end 12’03”

L47-03 begin 12’03”

◆incessantly adv. 连续不断地
perpetual
permanent
eternal
continuance
continual
continually
constant
endless
incessant adj.
Eg: It has been raining incessantly for three hours.
There is a week of incessant rains.
ceaseless
none stop
unbroken
uninterrupted
Eg: Last night I had an uninterrupted party.
He gave us a talk uninterruped.

◆whine v. 发呜呜声
◆helicopter n. 直升飞机
◆maximum adj. 最大的
◆technology n. 技术
◆contribution n. 贡献
◆mobile adj. 可移动的
◆snore v. 打鼾
◆offender n. 冒犯者
◆staggering adj. 令人惊愕的
surprise
amaze
astonish
astound
astounding
Eg: The old lady reported to the police and they felt astounded / found it staggering.

◆trumpet v. 吹号
◆partner n. 伙伴

【Text】
§ Lesson 47 Too high a price? 代价太高
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What does the writer describe as an 'amusing old-fashioned source of noise'?

Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet. When you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it. We keep trying all four methods, but he sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us.
Rubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet. The need to produce ever-
increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution. Industrialized farming methods produce cheap meat products: beef, pork and chicken. The use of pesticides and fertilizers produces cheap grain and vegetables. The price we pay for cheap food may be already too high: Mad Cow Disease (BSE) in cattle, salmonella in chicken and eggs, and wisteria in dairy products. And if you think you'll abandon meat and become a vegetarian, you have the choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables or a steady diet of pesticides every time you think you're eating fresh salads and vegetables, or javan innocent glass of water!
However, there is an even more insidious kind of pollution that particularly affects urban areas and invades our daily lives, and that is noise. Burglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy passers -by and actually assist burglars to burgle. Car alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of profound irritation. A recent survey of the effects of noise revealed (surprisingly?) that dogs barking incessantly in the night rated the highest form of noise pollution on a scale ranging from 1 to 7. The survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really dislike. Lawn mowers whining on a summer's day, late-night parties in apartment blocks, noisy neighbors, vehicles of al kinds, especially large container trucks thundering through quiet village, planes and helicopters flying overhead, large radios carried round in public places and played at maximum volume. New technology has also made its own contribution to noise. A lot of people object to mobile phones, especially when they are used in public places like restaurants or on public transport. Loud conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or interrupt the pleasure of meeting friends for a quiet chat. The noise pollution survey revealed a rather spurring and possibly amusing old fashioned source of noise. It turned out to be snoring! Men were found to be the worst offenders. It was revealed that 20％ of men in their mid-thirties snore. This figure rises to a staggering 60％ of men in their sixties. Against these figures, it was found that only 5％ of women snore regularly, while the rest are constantly woken or kept awake by their trumpeting partners. Whatever the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it seems, has become a golden memory.

参考译文
污染就是我们为这个人口过密，过度工业化的星球所付出的代价。当我们开始考虑垃圾问题时，我们只有4种对付垃圾的方法：倾倒、焚烧、把垃圾变成再生材料或试图少产生一些垃圾。我们一直在试这4种方式，但是，我们在世界范围内仅产生的垃圾的量就有把我们覆盖的危险。
然而，垃圾只是我们这个星球的污染问题的一个方面。日益增长的对廉价食物的需求导致了另一种形式的污染。工业化的农作方式生产出廉价的肉类制品 ——牛肉、猪肉和鸡肉。使用杀虫剂和化肥生产出廉价的谷物和蔬菜。为了廉价食物我们付出代价已经太高了：牛肉中的疯牛病，鸡肉和鸡蛋中的沙门氏菌，奶制品中的利斯特杆菌。如果你想放弃肉类而变成一位素食者，那么你可以两者择一：或是选用价格昂贵、有机培植的蔬菜，或是当你认为在享用新鲜色拉和新鲜蔬菜或饮用一杯无害的水的时候，实际上每次都不断吃进杀虫剂。
但是，还有一种更加隐蔽有害的污染，它专门影响城镇地区，侵袭我们的日常生活，那就是噪音。防盗警报器在白天和黑夜的任何时候都会响起来，它的作用只是骚扰过路行人，而实际上却帮助窃贼入室行窃。在街上，汽车的防盗警报不断对我们吼叫，这是人们极度烦燥的一个原因，最近一个有关噪音的作用的调查（令人吃惊地）指出，夜间连续不断的狗叫声，在一个从1级至7级刻度表上应列为最严重的噪间污染。这个调查揭示了我们所不喜欢的大量的噪间的来源：夏天呜呜作响的割草机，公寓楼里深夜聚会的喧哗声，大声吵闹的邻居，各式各样的车辆，特别是穿越寂静的村庄的集装箱卡车，从头顶飞过的飞机和直升机，被带到公共场所、音量开到最大的大功率收音机。新技术也为噪音作了它的贡献。许多人都反对移动式电话，特别是在如饭店，公共交通车等公共场所使用移动电话。用移动电话大声交谈干扰我们的思路，破坏我们和朋友在一起轻声聊天所得到的乐趣。这个有关噪音的污染调查还揭示了一种出人意外而同时可能会引人意外而同时可能会引人发笑的老式噪音源。它竟然是鼾声。人类是这方面的罪魁祸首。调查指出，20％的35岁左右的男人打鼾；而到60岁这个年龄段，这个数字上升到令人惊愕的 60％。与这些数字相比，只有5％的女性经常打鼾；而其余则经常被与她们同睡、像吹号似地打着呼噜的男人吵醒或弄得睡不着。不管噪声来自何方，有一点是肯定的：看来寂静已变成一种珍贵的回忆。

【课文讲解】

背诵：Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet.
I was blamed for being late.

L47-03 end 12’03”

L47-04 begin 12’22”

Losing health is the price he paid for his hard work./ (working hard/ over working )
come to ==get to
并列平行结构
There are some good ways to study English well.
listen, speak, read and write.
There are four good ways to study English: listening, speaking, reading and writering.
reuse it recyde it
背熟：We keep trying all four methods, but he sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us.

volume == amount
threaten to do
Eg: The coming earthquake threatens the village.
Dark clouds threaten a heavy storm. 乌去预示着有一场风暴。
The sun promises a good day.
It is possible...

背熟：The need to produce ever-increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution.
leads to

L47-04 end 12’22”
Lesson47A end 48:29

Lesson47B begin 54:49
L47-05 begin 49-02

背熟：The price we pay for cheap food may be already too high
The price we pay is too high.
abandon 强调被迫放弃
organically-grown vegetable: 绿色蔬菜
every time: whenever
innocent (of) adj. 清白的，无辜的，无知的

Paragraph 3 (l.15)
noise

L47-05 end 12’19”

L47-06 begin 12’49”

Paragraph 3 (l.15)
insidious 暗中为害的，阴险的

Burglar alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy passers-by and actually ( to ) assist burglars to burgle.

背熟：Car alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of profound irritation.
Eg: Her husband earns a lot of money every mounth and he is a source of income. 他的丈夫每月能赚很多钱，这是他的一棵摇钱树。

背熟：The survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really dislike.

名词结构（平行结构）
lawn mower 割草机
container trucks: 集装箱卡车
sources of noise

背熟：New technology has also made its own contribution to noise.
make contribution to 作出...... 的贡献

L47-06 end 12’50”

L47-07 begin 14’08”

contribute to 引起，导致，是......的起因
Eg: Air pollution contributes to disease.

object to take object to

背熟：Loud conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or interrupt the pleasure of meeting friends for a quiet chat.

Eg: The air pollution survey revealed... 空气污染调查显示......

turn out: prove
offend:惹怒 offender 罪魁祸首
were found:客观描述
It is said...
It is revealed...

背熟：20％ of mem in their mid-thirties
in their early thirties
背熟：Against these figures, it was found that ...
Comparing these figures, we found that...

背熟：are woken 被惊醒 / keep awake 不能入睡

比较：
Whatever the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it seems, has become a golden memory.
However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpled. （L44，ll28-29）

L47-07 end 14’08”

L47-08 begin 10’08”

【Vocabulary 】P218
Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: dump(l.3); sheer volume (l.5); rubbish (l.5); leads to (l.8); dairy (l.11); abandon (l.11)organically-grown (l.12)
dump: drop completely
sheer volume: pure amount
rubbish: garbage
lead to: result in, cause; bring about
dairy: a place where milk is kept and milk product are made
abandon: give up
organically-grown: using farming or gardening methods without artificial chemicals or fertilizer

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 ---- the sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide _____.
a. is heaped up like a great mountain
b. is spread over the world like a blanket
c. is already beyond our control
d. is like a tide that will rise and drown us

2 The root cause of pollution in agriculture is _____ .
a. the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers
b. the twin pressures to produce more food and at lower cost
c. the confloct between good hygiene and cheap meat production
d. the unrealistic price of organically-grown vegetables
背熟： The root cause of pollution in agriculture is the twin pressures to produce more food and at lower cost.

3 For most people, the most distressing form of noise pollution is _____ .
a. dogs barking all night b. people using mobile phones
c. heavy trucks in quiet villages d. noisy neighbours having parties

4 Snoring causes a severe noise problem for _____ .
a. young males in particular b. a majority of middle-aged men
c. women of all ages d. young women especially
背熟：Snoring causes a severe noise problem for women of all ages.

Structure
5 ---- there are only four ways _____ rubbish. (ll.2-3)
a. of dealing with b. which to deal with c. can be dealt with d. to be dealing with

6 We keep trying _____ methods.(l.5)
a. these all four b. of these all four c. all of these four d. all these of four

7 Burglar alarms _____ at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy.(ll.16-17)
a. that go off b. that are going off c. go off d. which going off
people traveling around the world quite often

L47-08 end 10’08”

L47-09 begin 5’34”

8 A recent survey revealed that _____dogs barking incessantly in the night that we dislike most.(ll.18-19)
a. it is b. is c. there be d. there are

vocabulary 词汇
9 ★★★ New technology has also _____ in noise pollution. (l.23)
a. done its bit b. done a share c. played a role d. given its all
make contributio to 导致，造成了
play an important role / part in sth.
Eg: Reading plays an important role in our English study.
do its bit: 尽本份做应该做的
do a share: 做好份内工作

10 A lot of people _____ to mobile phones, especially in public places. (l.24)
a. except b. offend c. take exception d. take offence
take exception against
offernd 冒犯，触怒，使不舒服
take offence at sb. / sth.

11 背熟：The noise pollution survey _____ a rather surprising source of noise. (ll.26-27)
a. brought to light b. gave birth to c. came to be d. took the lid off
bring sth. to light
come to light

12 _____ these figures, it was found that only 5％ of women snore. (l.29)
a. Comparing with b. By comparison with c. In comparing d. In comparing with
by comparison
by comparison with sth.

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. B
L47-09 end 5’34” Lesson47B end 54:49 Lesson47 end 1:43:18
Lesson48 begin 1:05:22 Lesson48A begin 36:10 L48-01 begin 4’45”

§ Lesson 48 The silent village 沉默的村庄
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●inaccessible adj. 难接近的,达不到的
●hospitable adj. 不好客的
●hostile adj. 不友好的,有敌意的
●vicinity n. 周围,近邻
●architectural adj. 建筑的
●fresco n. 壁画
●abruptly adv. 突然地,意外地
●tramp v. 徒步行进
●moor v. （用绳、链、锚）系（船）
●ferry v. （用渡船）运
●straggle v. 蔓延，散乱分布
●sardine n. 沙丁鱼，沙丁鱼罐头
●dilapidated adj. 陈旧破烂的，倒塌的
●rag n. 破烂衣服
●motionless adj. 不动的
●procession adj. 不动的
●shawl n. 披巾，围巾
●peer v. 凝视，盯着
●quicken v. 加快

◆inaccessible adj. 难接近的,达不到的
access n. 通路，通道
entrance 入口
accessible adj.: easy to get to / easy to understand
Eg: The book is accessible to learners / beginners.
The facts are accessible to all of us. 易于得到的/ 易于理解的

L48-01 end 4’45”

L48-02 begin 10’55”

Eg: Heavy snow made the village inaccessible to traffic.
approach: v. 接近
approachable
unapproachable 无可匹敌的；难以接近的
Eg: He has got unapproachable beauty.
access: opportunity 机会
Eg: Only high officiales have access to him.
Only teacheres have access to the head master.

◆hospitable adj.好客的
amiable 亲切的
cordial 热诚的，热心的
faithful 忠诚的
friendly 友好的
neighborly 和睦的
receptive 善于接受的，接纳的

L48-02 end 10’55”

L48-03 begin 10’24”

◆hostile adj. 不友好的,有敌意的
unfriendly
be hostile to / be unfriendly to
antagonistic: 对抗性的，敌对的
effensive: 进攻性的
Eg: I took notice of his evvensive remarks.
aggressive; 挑畔的

◆vicinity n. 周围,近邻
in the vicinity / in the nerborhood 比后一个正式（书面用词）
I often visit the fair in the vicinity.
vicinity: about
in the vicinity of
He is in thevicinity of fifty. 他大约50岁吧。
the inhabitant of the vicinity

◆architectural adj. 建筑的
◆fresco n. 壁画
◆abruptly adv. 突然地,意外地
◆tramp v. 徒步行进
◆moor v. （用绳、链、锚）系（船）
◆ferry v. （用渡船）运
◆straggle v. 蔓延，散乱分布
◆dilapidated adj. 陈旧破烂的，倒塌的
dilapidate vt. 使倒塌，便破损
dilapidation n.
batter v. 撞坏，撞击
battered adj.
Eg: It is easy to recognize the battered car.
broken-down
run down 渐渐变糟，恶化; run-down: 渐渐被恶化的

L48-03 end 10’24”

L48-04 begin 10’11”

Eg: The doctor had not to do with his run-down renew.

◆sardine n. 沙丁鱼，沙丁鱼罐头
◆rag n. 破烂衣服
◆motionless adj. 不动的
◆procession adj. 不动的
◆shawl n. 披巾，围巾
◆peer v. 凝视，盯着
◆quicken v. 加快

【Text】
§ Lesson 48 The silent village 沉默的村庄
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why was the village silent?

In this much-travelled world, there are still thousands of places which are inaccessible to tourists. We always assume that villagers in remote places are friendly and hospitable. But people who are cut off not only from foreign tourists, but even from their own countrymen can be hostile to travellers. Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable -- as my wife and I discovered during a tour through the Balkans.
We had spent several days in a small town and visited a number of old churches in the vicinity. These attracted many visitors, for they were not only of great architectural interest, but contained a large number of beautifully preserved frescoes as well. On the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town. This was more than we could bear, so we decided to spend our last day exploring the countryside. Taking a path which led out of the town, we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood. We expected the path to end abruptly, but we found that it traced its way through the trees. We tramped through the wood for over two hours until we arrived at a deep stream. We could see that the path continued on the other side, but we had no idea how we could get across the stream. Suddenly my wife spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep. We gently woke him up and asked him to ferry us to the other side. Though he was reluctant to do so at first, we eventually persuaded him to take us.
The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain. The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses. Even under a clear blue sky, the village looked forbidding, as all the houses were built of grey mud bricks. The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby. Sitting down on a dilapidated wooden fence near the field, we opened a couple of tins of sardines and had a picnic lunch. All at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled with alarm. Looking up I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us silently as we ate. We offered them food and spoke to them kindly, but they remained motionless. I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers. When we later walked down the main street of the villager, we were followed by a silent procession of children. The village which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life. Faces appeared at windows. Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and glared at us. Old women in black shawls peered at us from doorways. The most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard. There was no doubt that we were unwelcome visitors. We needed no further warning. Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.

参考译文
在这个旅游频繁的世界上，仍有成千上万个游人足迹未至的地方。人们总是以为偏僻的地方的村民们热情好客。但是，那些不但与外国旅游者隔绝，而且与本国同胞隔绝的人们有可能对游客抱有敌意。到真正偏僻的村庄去旅游并不是一件愉快的事情。我与妻子在一次周游巴尔干半岛时对此深有体会。
我们在一座小镇上逗留了几天，参观了附近的许多古老的教堂。这些教堂吸引大量游客，不仅是因为建筑风格奇特，而且还有大量保存完好的壁画。我们离开小镇的前一天，镇上来了几辆满载游客的公共汽车。人多得使我们难以忍受，于是我们决定利用最后一天去乡间一游。我们走上了一条出镇的小路，穿过几块农田，来到一片茂密的树林。我们原以为小路会到此突然终止。没想到它到树林中继续向前延伸。我们在树林中跋涉了两个多小时，到了一条深溪边。我们可以看到小路在深溪对岸继续向前伸展，但却不知如何越过这道深溪。突然，妻子发现岸边泊着一条小船，船上有一船夫在呼呼大睡。我们轻轻地把他唤醒，请他把我们摆渡过溪。一开始，他很不愿意，但经劝说，终于同意了。
顺着小路，我们来到一个座落在陡峭山坡上的小村庄。这儿有一条未经修筑的弯弯曲曲的道路，路两边排列着一些矮小的农舍。农舍全用灰色的土坯建成，因此，即使在晴朗的蓝天底下，村庄看上去也会令人感到难以亲近。村里似乎无人居住，唯一的生命迹象是附近田里一只面目可憎的黑山羊，用一截短绳拴在一棵树上。我们在田边一堵东倒西歪的篱笆墙上坐下来，打开几听沙丁鱼罐头，吃了一顿野外午餐。突然，我注意到妻子十分惊恐。我抬头一看，发现我们被一群衣衫褴褛的小孩团团围住了，他们在默不作声地看着我们吃饭。我们给他们东西吃，客客气气地同他们交谈，但他们却一动也不动。我认为这不过是他们在陌生人面前表现出的害羞。后来，我们在村里的主要街道上行走的时候，一队默不作声的孩子跟在我们后头。刚才还似乎空荡荡的村庄一下子活跃了起来，窗口露出了一张张面孔，只穿着衬衣的男人们站在屋子外面凶狠地盯着我们，披黑纱巾的老妇人站在门口偷偷地瞅着我们。最令人害怕的是到处没有一点声音。毫无疑问，我们的来访是不受欢迎的。我们不需要进一步的警告了。便掉转身子，沿着那条主要街道加快步伐，快速地朝深溪边走去，希望船夫还在那儿等着我们。
【课文讲解】
只讲关键句型部分
be accessible / inaccessible to sb. 是......难以达到的
not only from / but from 强调介词
cut off from: separate from / isolate from 与......隔绝

背熟：Visits to really remote villages are seldom enjoyable

L48-04 end 10’11”
Lesson48A end 36:10

Lesson48B begin 29:12
L48-05 begin (51-02) 10’06”

Eg: He is cut off from all his friends after he went abroad.
Such people who are hostile to travellers are ones who are cut off from the society.

第一自然段很重要，请背熟。

of great interest
beautifully-preserved

背熟：On the day before our departure, several bus loads of tourists descended on the town.
背熟：serveral bus loads of tourists
背熟：Taking a path which led out of the town, we crossed a few fields until we came to a dense wood.
背熟：The village seemed deserted, the only sign of life being an ugly- looking black goat on a short length of rope tied to a tree in a field nearby.

背熟：The village which had seemed deserted, immediately came to life.
背熟：The most frightening thing of all was that not a sound could be heard.

there is no doubt that / without any doubts 毫无疑问

trace its way
make one’s way out of
fight one’s way 杀出一条路来
feel one’s way 摸出一条路
wind one’s way 碗延一条路

背熟：but we had no idea how we could get across the stream.
a boat moored to the bank

L48-05 end 10’06”

L48-06 begin 9’54”

a boatman fast asleep
fast asleep 熟睡

背熟：The path led to a tiny village perched on the steep sides of a mountain.
背熟：The place consisted of a straggling unmade road which was lined on either side by small houses.
on either side == on both sides

L48-06 end 9’54”

L48-07 begin 9’17”

all at once == almost immediately

背熟：I concluded that they were simply shy of strangers.

现在分词做状语
定语从句
过去分词做定语

L48-07 end 9’17” Lesson48B end 29:12 Lesson48 end 1:05:22
Lesson49 begin 1:05:22 L49-01 begin 16’57”
§ Lesson 49 The ideal servant 理想的仆人
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●rambling adj. 杂乱无章的
●sentimentally adv. 感情上，多情地
●lavishly adv. 慷慨地，大方地
●immaculate adj. 清洁的，无污点的
●parquet n. 镶木地板
●gleam v. 发亮，闪光
●preside v. 指挥
●invisible adj. 看不见的，无形的
●scrub v. 擦拭，刷洗
●enlightened adj. 开明的
●fickleness n. 变化无常
●unrelenting adj. 不屈不挠的，不松懈的
●disillusion v. 使幻想破灭
●industriousness n. 勤奋
●qualification n. 资格，能力
●mirth n. 欢笑，高兴
●stack v. 整齐地堆放
●cellar n. 地窖

◆rambling adj. 杂乱无章的
ramble vi.
1. 闲逛，漫步
stroll
go for a walk / have a walk
go for a stroll / have stroll
They rambled through the ferast.
2. 漫谈，聊开
Eg: The old lady began to ramble about her youth.
3. 植物的蔓延生长
Eg: The wild roses ramble over the fance.

◆sentimentally adv. 感情上，多情地
sentiment n.
sentiments 情操
The sentiments of pity: 恻陷之心
emotion 感情（总称）
out of sentiments: 出于同情
sentimental adj. emotional

◆◆◆lavishly adv. 慷慨地，大方地
lavish adj. 慷慨的，大方的
eg: Are you lavished to your friend.
extravagant 挥霍的，奢侈的
lavish money on sth. /sb.
lavish praises on sb.
grudge 舍不得给
Eg: Do you lavish praises on your friends? 你总是大肆吹捧你的朋友吗？
lavish care on sb. 过度的关心或庞爱
generous 慷慨大方的
liberal: 开明的
prodigal: 浪费的，挥霍无度的
wasteful
反义词：thrifty, economical, frugal, not wasteful

L49-01 end 16’57” 52-01

L49-02 begin 16’54”

◆immaculate adj. 清洁的，无污点的
spotless

◆parquet n. 镶木地板
◆gleam v. 发亮，闪光
◆preside v. 指挥
vi. preside at
Eg: Who will preside at the party?
Yesterday my friend visited me so I preside at tea. 招待

◆invisible adj. 看不见的，无形的
visible

◆scrub v. 擦拭，刷洗
参见L15
polish: 润色

◆enlightened adj. 开明的
◆fickleness n. 变化无常
◆unrelenting adj. 不屈不挠的，不松懈的
strong-minded
continuous

◆disillusion v. 使幻想破灭
◆industriousness n. 勤奋
◆qualification n. 资格，能力
◆mirth n. 欢笑，高兴 (书面化，文学中或诗歌中)
happiness, joy, merriment, fun, amusement, entertainment, delight, rapture
◆stack v. 整齐地堆放
◆cellar n. 地窖

【Text】
Lesson 49 The ideal servant 理想的仆人
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was Bessie’s little weakness?

It is a good thing my aunt Harriet died years ago. If she were alive today she would not be able to air her views on her favourite topic of conversation: domestic servants. Aunt Harriet lived in that leisurely age when servants were employed to do housework. She had a huge, rambling country house called 'The Gables'. She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband's death. Before she grew old, Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly. I often visited The Gables when I was boy. No matter how many guests were present, the great house was always immaculate. The parquet floors shone like mirrors; highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets; even my uncle's huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust. Aunt Harriet presided over an invisible army of servants that continuously scrubbed, cleaned, and polished. She always referred to them as 'the shifting population', for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names. Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please. While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie.
Bessie worked for Aunt Harriet for three years. During that time she so gained my aunt's confidence that she was put in charge of the domestic staff. Aunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessie's indus-
triousness and efficiency. In addition to all her other qualifications, Bessie was an expert cook. She acted the role of the perfect servant for three years before Aunt Harriet discovered her 'little weakness'. After being absent from the Gables for a week, my aunt unexpectedly returned one afternoon with a party of guests and 包含 ucted Bessie to prepare dinner. No only was the meal well below the usual standard, but Bessie seemed unable to walk steadily. She bumped into the furniture and kept mumbling about the guests. When she came in with the last course -- a huge pudding -- she tripped on the carpet and the pudding went flying through the air, narrowly missed my aunt, and 无效 ed on the dining table with considerable force. Though this caused great mirth among the guests, Aunt Harriet was horrified. She reluctantly came to the conclusion that Bessie was drunk. The guests had, of course, realized this from the moment Bessie opened the door for them and, long before the final catastrophe, had had a difficult time trying to conceal their amusement. The poor girl was dismissed instantly. After her departure, Aunt Harriet discovered that there were piles of empty wine bottles of all shapes and sizes neatly stacked in what had once been Bessie's wardrobe. They had mysteriously found their way there from the wine cellar!

参考译文
我的姑妈哈丽特好多年前就去世了，这倒是件好事。如果她活到今天，她将不能就她热衷的话题“佣人”发表意见了。哈丽特生活在一个悠闲的年代，家务事都由雇来的佣人代劳。她在乡下有一幢巨大杂乱的房子，叫作“山墙庄园”。她对这幢房子在感情上难舍难分。房子实在太大了，但在丈夫去世多年后，她仍然执意长年住在那儿。哈丽特姑妈年轻时，喜欢大摆宴席，招待宾客。我小时候常去“山墙庄园”作客。不管去多少宾客，大房子里总是收拾得干干净净。镶木地板洁如明镜，擦得发亮的银器陈列在明亮的玻璃柜里，连姑夫的大量藏书也保存得很好，奇迹般地一尘不染。哈丽特姑妈统率着一支看不见的佣人大军，他们不停地擦拭、清扫、刷洗。她称这些佣人叫“流动人口”，因为他们来匆匆，所以我甚至都没有机会知道他们的姓名。姑妈待佣人在当时算是开明的，从来不让佣人每天工作超过 8小时，但他们很难使她称心如意。她一方面总是批评人的本性朝三暮四，另一方面她又持之以恒地寻找一个理想的佣人。即使在贝西大大地伤她的心之后，她还在找，一直到她死去。
贝西在哈丽特家干了3年。在此期间，她赢得了姑母的赏识，甚至当上了大管家。哈丽特不知该用什么言辞来赞扬贝西的勤奋与高效。贝西除了有各种本领以外，还是一个烹饪大师。她担任“理想仆人”角色3年之后，哈丽特终于发现她有“小小的弱点”。一次，姑妈有一个星期没在“山墙庄园”住。一天下午，她出其不意地回来了，带来一大批客人，吩咐贝西准备晚饭。结果，不仅饭菜远不如平时做得好，而且贝西走起路来似乎东倒西歪。她撞到了家具上，嘴里还不断咕咕哝哝议论客人。当她端着最后一道菜——一大盘布丁——走进屋来时，在地毯上绊了一跤。布丁飞到半空，从姑母身边擦过，然后狠狠地砸在餐桌上。这件事引起了客人们的欢笑，但哈丽特却着实吓了一跳。她不得不认定贝西是喝醉了。客人们自然从贝西为他们开门那一刻起就看出来了，在好长一段时间里，即最后这个乱子发生前，他们努力克制才没笑出声来。贝西当即被解雇了。贝西走后，哈丽特姑妈发现在贝西以前用过的衣柜里整整齐齐地放着一堆堆形状各导、大小不一的酒瓶子。这些酒瓶神不知鬼不觉地从酒窖来到了这里。

【课文讲解】

背熟：If she were alive today she would not be able to air her views on her favourite topic of conversation: domestic servants.
air one’s views on sth. / sb. 对......发表意见
背熟：lived in that leisurely age when
背熟：She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husband's death.
attach to
背熟：she persisted in living there long after her husband's death.
persist in doing sth.
long after
short after
long before
short before

L49-02 end 16’54”

L49-03 begin 15’18”

even my uncle's huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust.

背熟：She always referred to them as 'the shifting population', for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names.

refer to / regard sb. as

背熟：she was extremely difficult to please.
背熟：While she always criticized the fickleness of human nature, she carried on an unrelenting search for the ideal servant to the end of her days, even after she had been sadly disillusioned by Bessie.

carry on
During that time
put sb. in charge of 安排某人负责

in addition to

L49-03 end 52-03 15’18”

L49-04 begin 16’23”

act the role: play the role

be absent from: be away from
not only 位于句首，引导完整的语句，部分倒装

below, above常用的修饰词是well

bump into: knock oneself into / onto

背熟： reluctantly came to the conclusion that...
come to the conclusion
draw a conclusion
arrive at conclusion
reach conclusion
jump to conclusion

have a difficult time doing sth. : have trouble / difficulty in doing sth

背熟：They had mysteriously found their way there from the wine cellar!

L49-04 end 16’23” Lesson49 end 1:05:22

Lesson50 begin 1:41:50 Lesson50A begin 52:13 L50-01 begin 53-01 10’28”
§ Lesson 50 New Year resolutions 新年的决心
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●resolution n. 决心
●mentally adv. 内心里
●compile v. 编辑，编制
●formidable adj. 令人畏惧的
●recur v. 再发生，又出现
●regularity n. 规律性
●accomplishment n. 成就
●attainment n. 达到
●inveterate adj. 根深蒂固的
●self-improvement n. 自我完善
●scheme n. 简单的计划，方案
●ambitious adj. 雄心勃勃的
●pitfall n. 意外的困难，易犯的错误
●modest adj. 要求不过分的
●assiduously adv. 刻苦地
●self-discipline n. 自我约束
●frame n. 躯体
●betray v. 暴露，显露
●troop v. 成群结队地走动
●unsettle v. 使不安
●taunt n. 嘲笑，奚落人的话
●jibe n. 嘲弄，挖苦
●good-humouredly adv. 和气地，心情好地
●wane v. 逐渐变小，变弱
●diminish v. 减少，缩小
●hypnotize v. 使欲睡，使蒙胧
●undoing n. 祸根，毁灭的原因
●screen n. 电视机屏幕

◆resolution n. 决心
resolution
1. the quality of being resolute / formal decision 决心，决议
take resolution to do sth. / make up one’s mind to do sth.
be determined to do sth. / decide to do sth.
resolve / resolve to do sth.
resolve sb. on sth. 使某人做某事
Eg: Before we came here, we resolved to learn English hard.
I resolved him on English study.
Nobody resolved him on this decision. 没有人使他做这样的决定。
resolute adj. 坚决的，果断的
resolution / resolve / resolute
Eg: We must be true in word and resolute in deed. 我们必须是言必信，行必果。

◆mentally adv. 内心里
◆compile v. 编辑，编制
compile
compile / edit vt.
editor
compile: collect information and arrange in a book (great book / dictionary )
edit: collect information and arrange in newspaper or magazine
Eg: The editor is busing editing the newspaper.

◆formidable adj. 令人畏惧的
◆recur v. 再发生，又出现
recur v.
occor: happen
occur to
A good idea occurred to me. / It occurred to him that he should open the door.
recur: occur again
incur: vt. 导致，招致，造成（ lead to / result in / give rise to / cause）
Eg: Air pollution incurs some terrible dissease.

L50-01 end 10’28”

L50-02 begin 53-02 10’25”

◆regularity n. 规律性
◆accomplishment n. 成就
◆attainment n. 达到
accomplish 成功地达到目的
accomplish one’s purpose / goal / dream / aim /work / task
He accomplished his journey.
attain:得到，获得（经过艰苦努力）
attain one’s ambition
get sccess / attain success
achieve : 达到一定目的时的表现及努力
Eg: This is what he achieved after ten years of hard work.
treasure / cherish / volue / prize 珍惜
Eg: We always cherish what we have achieved.
I feel very happy because you accomplish your dream.
accomplishment: 成就（修养，才艺，本领方面）
attainment 获得，得到
Eg: Such accomplishment is beyond your attainment.
His attainment is beyond my understanding.
His accomplishment is unexpected to me.
achievement / accomplishment
attain to / attain
attain to : 某人希望达到的成就
attain: 某人已经达到的成就
Eg: He has attained heights that I can never attain to.
This is the height that I hope to attain to.
This is the height that I have attained.

◆inveterate adj. 根深蒂固的
◆self-improvement n. 自我完善
◆scheme n. 简单的计划，方案
◆ambitious adj. 雄心勃勃的
ambition
Eg: Everybody in the modern society must be ambitious.
If you work hard, you can attain your ambition.

◆pitfall n. 意外的困难，易犯的错误
◆modest adj. 要求不过分的
Eg: I make New Year resolution and I think them modest.

L50-02 end 10’28”

L50-03 begin 10’48”

Eg: Being modes is one of our virtues.

◆assiduously adv. 刻苦地
assiduously==diligently
Eg: If you study English assiduously, nothing is difficult.

◆self-discipline n. 自我约束
self-improvement 自我完善

◆frame n. 躯体
body

◆betray v. 暴露，显露
Eg: I don’t know who betrayed me.
Her face betrayed her nervousness.

◆troop v. 成群结队地走动
◆unsettle v. 使不安
◆◆◆taunt n. 嘲笑，奚落人的话
taunt vt.
taunt sb. with sth. 因为某事而讥笑某人
Eg: They taunt him with being poor / poverty.
make fun of / laugh at
Eg: He is wearing a strange hat, so we make fun of him.
jeer vi.
jeer at 嘲笑，戏弄
Eg: We know he is eccentric, but anyway don’t jeer at him
mock / mock at
Eg: Mocked (at ) by others, he had my sympathy.
When the teacher is writing on the blackboard, naughty boy student mocked at him.
scoff at / pour scorn on
Eg: Don’t scoff at those students who don’t have good accomplishment / mark.
gibe
gible at sb. / sth.
taunt: try to make sb. angry or upset by saying unkind remarks.
Eg: They taunted him with being poor, so he felt angry.
gibe: say sth. that is intended to make the person look silly.
Eg: I gibed at him because, in my opinion, he was dull.

L50-03 end 10’48”

L50-04 begin 10’23”

朗读：taunt / make fun of / jeer at / mock / mock at / scoff at / gibe at

◆jibe n. 嘲弄，挖苦
◆good-humouredly adv. 和气地，心情好地
◆◆◆wane v. 逐渐变小，变弱
wane: becoming less or weaker
Eg: He exerts suttle influence on his children, but his children are growing up, so his influence is waning.
wane: showing a decreasing bright area after full moon.
The moon will wax, the moon will wane. 月有阴晴园缺

◆diminish v. 减少，缩小
diminish: vt. make smaller in size, amout, number and so on.
Eg: The Second World War diminished the country’s wealth.
diminish vi.
Eg: Time will never cause our friendship to diminish. 我们的友谊决不会因时间的流逝而淡薄。
reduce
Eg: If you reduce the price to 10 dollars, I will take it.
reduce to / reduce by
The shop assistant reduced the price by 10 dollars.
lessen 数量，价值，可能性的降低
sharp / sharped wide / widen quick / quicken
Eg: I agree to your idea that you can climb the tree, but anyway, please lesson the rick of being hurt / injoured
I agree to your idea that you can climb the tree, but anyway, please lessen the risk of being hurt / injured.
increase / decrease

Eg: Our interest in English / clothes is increasing.

L50-04 end 10’23”

L50-05 begin 54-01

lessen 可能性的降低
wane 渐渐地衰退

◆hypnotize v. 使欲睡，使蒙胧
lull 催人欲睡
lull sb. to sleep

◆undoing n. 祸根，毁灭的原因
◆screen n. 电视机屏幕

【Text】 §Lesson 50 New Year resolutions 新年的决心
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What marked the end of the writer's New Year resolutions?

The New Year is a time for resolutions. Mentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of 'dos' and 'don'ts'. The same old favorites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity. We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we don't like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day. Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment. If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure. Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out. We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways. Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself. I limited myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercise every morning and to read more of an evening. An all-night party on New Year's Eve provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the first day of the year, but on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task.
The daily exercises lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up. The self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable. Nevertheless, I managed to creep down into the living room for two days before anyone found me out. After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable posi-
tions, I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition. It was this that betrayed me. The next morning the whole family trooped in to watch the performance. That was really unsettling, but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good-humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea. However, my enthusiasm waned. The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished. Little by little the eleven minutes fell to zero. By January 10th, I was back to where I had started from. I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning, I would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home form work Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book. One night, however, feeling cold and lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front of the television pretending to read. That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen. I still haven't given up my resolution to do more reading. In fact, I have just bought a book entitled How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute. Perhaps it will solve my problem, but I javad time to read it!

【课文讲解】

背熟：The New Year is a time for resolutions.
a time for
The spring Festival is a time for gathering.
Mentally: at heart
We become illogical when we decide what can be eaten and what can not be eaten.

背熟：The same old favorites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity.
favourite: resolution
recur: happen / take place
year in year out: one year after another / year by year
day by day / one day after another / day in day out

resolve to : 下定决心

背熟：Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.
It is hard for us to attain some certain accomplishment

inveterate: deep rooted

背熟：If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure.

Because we have too often experience the frustration, it means nothing to me.
result from : 由 ...... 产生的
result in: lead to / cause
Failure will result in frustration. 失败会导致挫败心理。

L50-05 end 10’17”
Lesson50A end 52:13

Lesson50B begin 49:36
L50-06 begin 10’18”

背熟：Most of us fail in our efforts at self- improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out.
carry out: carry off
fail in our efforts / attempt
Eg: We accumulate clutter in an attempt to avoid waste.

背熟： We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways.
Eg: If you often make some common mistakes, you will get the frustration.
slip back into: return to the normal way

背熟：Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself.
keep my resolutions to myself: keep my resolutions secret
Eg: We arrived at our destination exhausted.
Exhausted, we arrived at our destination.
Aware of the importance, I attempt to carry it out. 由于意识到了此事的重要性，我竭尽全力来把它实现。

limit oneself to
ambitions: New Year resolutions
limit: 限定到点
restrict: 限定到范围

L50-06 end 10’18”

L50-07 begin

A good beginning is half success.

背熟：but on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task.
apply oneself to / apply one’s time to / apply one’s mind / energy to
be devoted / dedicated to
In 2002, I shall apply myself to learning English.

propose to do / I decided to do
The self-discipline required to study English hard is considerable as well.
nevertheless: however

背熟：I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition.
in an exhausted condition: exhausted
It...that... 句型
It was exhausted condition that betrayed my secret.
troop in: went / came into the room in group
unsettle: upset

背熟：That was really unsettling, but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good-humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea.

L50-07 end 10’39”

L50-08 begin 10’32”

fend off: defeat
wane: diminish step by step
argue: got a good excuse

keep one’s mind fresh for doing sth.

背熟：Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book.
the temptation to do

slip back into our bad old ways / I was back to where I had started from / got back to my old bad habit
dozing off: half sleep
I soon got back to my old bad habit of nodding.
a book entitled: a book which is entitled

We must be true in word and resolute in deed.

L50-08 end 10’32”

L50-09 begin 12’38”

【Vocabulary】P230
Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: mentally(l.1); formidable(l.2); recure year in year out(l.3); beyond attainment(l.8); inveterate(l.8); frustration(l.9); carrying out(l.14)
mentally: 本质上，内心里 at heart; in the mind
formidable: causing fear
recur year in year out: occur again, appear year after year
beyond attainment: can not be attained / accomplished / achieved
inveterate: deep rooted
frustration: disappointment in one’s mind or the feeling that you get from your failure.
carrying out: putting into practice

【Multiple choice questions】 P231
Comprehension
1 In makeing his New Year resolutions, the writer _____ .
a. decided against choosing any of his old favourites
b. did not tell his family of them in case they announced them in public
c. was careful to choose two which he thought were within his scope
d. underestimated the time it would take him to get up in the mornings
within his scope
Eg: I choose the job which I think is within my scope. 我选择了这项工作，我认为是我力所能及的。

2 The family realized what one of his resolutions was when they _____ .
a. noticed how tired he looked when he came to breakfast
b. heard him jumping about on the carpet in the living room
c. came down earlier than usual and saw him doing his exercises
d. saw him reading instead of looking at television

3 The writer’s efforts to read more have so failed because _____ .
a. he is not able to read quickly enough in the time he has available
b. he enjoys watching television more than he does reading
c. his room is too cold for comfort and he misses his family
d. he has not been able to resist the hypnotic effects of television
one’s effort to do sth. 干什么所做出的努力

Structure
4 Past experiences has taught us that we _____ certain accomplishments. (ll.7-8)
a. never attain b. would never attain c. are never attaining d. will never attain

5 ---- we look even more foolish than we _____ when we slip back into our old ways. (ll.11-12)
a. would b. should c. need d. ought

6 I jumped about on the carpet and _____ uncomfortable positions that I sat down exhausted. (ll.20-21)
a. so twisted me into b. so twisted myself into
c. twisted myself into such d. twisted me into such

7 I argued that _____ less time exhausting myself, I would ... (ll.25-26)
a. to spend b. by spending c. my spending d. to have spent
Eg: I will learn English well by working hard every day.

L50-09 end (55-01) 12’38”

L50-10 begin 5’37”

Vocabulary
8 This year I attempted to keep my resolutions _____ . (l.12)
a. private b. personal c. intimate d. solitary
private 强调私人所有的
personal 个人的
solitary 宁静的，孤独的
He is leading a solitary life. 他过着孤独的生活。
intimate 亲密的

9 _____ , I managed to creep down into the living room ...(l.19)
a. Meanwhile b. Little by little c. Just the same d. By all means
meanwhile==at the same time
little by little == step by step
by all means: 通过各种方式
just the same==in spite of this == still

10 The whole family _____ to watch the performance. (ll.21-22)
a. gathered round b. marched by c. flocked in d. joined in
gather around 聚集在......周围
march by 行军而过
flocked in
join in 参加

11 My enthusiasm for my new resolutions soon _____ . (ll.23-24)
a. faded b. evaporated c. ran out d. fell out
fade 褪色，凋零
Eg: The flower has already began to fade.
The color of the dress faded.
run out 用完，用光
Eg: We run out of petrol. 我们把汽油用完了。
evaporate: 蒸发，消失，渐渐地化为乌有

12 I soon _____ into my old habit of dozing off ... (ll.29-30)
a. returned b. slipped back c. went back d. took again
本小节的重点是：
1，2，3 题的题干和答案的基本结构；结构题中5、7 11题的基本含义。

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 10. C 10. C 11 B 12. B

L50-10 5’37” Lesson50B end 49:36 Lesson50 end 1:41:50

Lesson52 begin 1:21:35 Lesson52A begin 42:29 L52-01 begin 5’35”
§ Lesson 52 Mud is mud 实事求是

【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●permanent adj. 永久的
●tint v. 给……染色
●delicate adj. 淡色的
●shade n. 色度
●observant adj. 观察力敏锐的
●greyish adj. 浅灰色的
●dispel v. 驱散，消除
●outlandish adj. 稀奇古怪的
●acquisition n. 获得
●cosmetic n. 化妆品
●outrageous adj. 无理的，令人不能容忍的
●fanciful adj. 想像出来的
●insoluble adj. 不可溶解的
●prompt v. 敦促，激励
●exclusive adj. 专售高档商品的
●syllable n. 音节
●bewilderment n. 迷惑，糊涂
●freckle n. 雀斑
●evidently adv. 显然的，明显地
●weird adj. 奇异的，古怪的
●concoction n. 调制品
●intoxicate v. 陶醉，得意忘形
●blank adj. 无表情的，茫然的
●discreetly adv. 谨慎地
●clutch v. 抓住
●adorn v. 装饰，打扮

◆permanent adj. 永久的
permanent job / house
temporary 临时的

◆tint v. 给……染色
tint the paper yellow 把纸染成黄色（双宾语）

◆delicate adj. 淡色的
Eg: I like the delicate dress. 我喜欢淡颜色，比较雅致的裙子。

◆shade n. 色度
shade 荫凉
in the shade 在荫凉处
shady adj.
in the shady street 在有荫凉的街道上
in the shady spot 在有荫凉的地方

◆◆observant adj. 观察力敏锐的

◆greyish adj. 浅灰色的
light grey

◆dispel v. 驱散，消除

◆outlandish adj. 稀奇古怪的
odd
strange
fantastic
queer
peculiar
weird
eccentric
L31
Eg: I can’t get along well with the weird.
outlandish: queer
strange and unpleasant
weird: strange and unnatural
difficult to understand

L52-01 end 5’35”

L52-02 begin 12’21”

◆◆◆acquisition n. 获得
acquire
acquire confidence
acquire courage
acquire knowledge
acquire skills
acquisition: the act of acquiring
Eg: He devotes his time to the acquisition of knowledge.他把全部的精力都用在知识的获得上。
the acquisition of sth. (通常形式)
Eg: Acquiring confidence is essential.
The acquisition of confidence is essential.
The acqisition of skills is necessary in the modern society.
acquirement: 仅指精神上的获得
acquisition: 可以指泛泛的概念
the acquisition / acquirement of knowledge 知识的获得
the acquisition of money 金钱的获得
Eg:The acquisition of money is what a large number of people run after.

◆cosmetic n. 化妆品
◆outrageous adj. 无理的，令人不能容忍的
He found my offer outrageous
unreasonable
irrational
illogical
ridiculous
unpleasant
unpleasing
(L28)

◆fanciful adj. 想像出来的
imaginable
imagining doing
fancying doing

◆insoluble adj. 不可溶解的
solve 解决
insolve 不可溶解

◆◆◆prompt v. 敦促，激励
vt. urge sb. to do sth.
persuade sb. to do sth.
prompt sb. to do
Eg: What prompted him to be so generous.
Our discussion prompted some questions. 我们的讨论引出了几个问题。
lead to; cause; result in;
Eg: What prompts you to study English so hard?
promptly adv.
prompt: quick
take measure 采取措施
Eg: He took a prompt measure. 他作出了一个果断的决定。
He made a prompt decision.
swift 没有任何干扰，一点也不费力地连续不断地迅速，形容相当快
Eg: His rise to fame was swift.
The car is going fast.
The car is going swiftly.
He made rapid / swift progress.
rapid 迅速的（某事发生的速度快）
rapid recovery 快速康复
Eg: He is still young, so his recovery is rapid.
speedy
don’t do it in such a speedy way.
haste
more haste less speed. 欲速则不达
hasty 匆匆忙忙，草率
Eg: Sometimes we make a decision hastily.
Sometimes we make a decision in a haste way.

◆exclusive adj. 专售高档商品的
◆syllable n. 音节
◆bewilderment n. 迷惑，糊涂
bewilder : puzzle

L52-02 end 12’21”

L52-03 begin 12’11”

Eg: Your question puzzled me.
bewilder: 令人眼花缭乱
Eg: Yesterday I went shopping, but countless beautiful dresses bewildered me.
in bewilderment

◆freckle n. 雀斑
◆evidently adv. 显然的，明显地
evident 显眼的，突出的
Eg: She is evident at party.
in evidence 相当于evident, 也相当于evidently

◆weird adj. 奇异的，古怪的
◆concoction n. 调制品
◆intoxicate v. 陶醉，得意忘形
excite greatly beyond self-control
be intoxicated by
be intoxicated with
Eg: When we pass out important examinations, we are intoxiacated with our success.
intoxicate 喝醉
Eg: If you drink too much whiskey, you will get intoxicated.
get drunk
become intoxicated.
intoxicating 令人陶醉的
Eg: He failed in his examination, but he was intoxicated with that, and his intoxication was beyond my understanding.

◆blank adj. 无表情的，茫然的
◆discreetly adv. 谨慎地
discreet ==careful in speech and action
Eg: He’s discreet in giving his opinion.
He’s discreet in airing his views.
When you have to make a big decision, particularly in front of a large number of people, you must be discreet.
be discreet in doing sth.
careful 细心的（不表示谨慎）
Eg: Whatever we do, we must be careful.
Be careful, a car is rushing towards you.
cautious 谨慎的（既表示细心，又表示谨慎）
Eg: He is a cautious person, so whatever he does, he is not only discreet but careful as well.
considerate: 考虑周到的，细心的（thoughtful）
Eg: You will live easily if you have a considerate friend with you.
prudent 慎重的
Eg: You must make a prudent decision.
wary 小心翼翼的
tactful 机智的，考虑周全的
tact 机智
discreet / careful / cautious / considerate / prudent

L52-03 end 12’11”

L52-04 begin 12’29”

◆clutch v. 抓住
snatch
seize
grasp
clutch
clasp

◆adorn v. 装饰，打扮
well decorated walls 装饰得很漂亮的墙壁
adorn 打扮，佩戴
Eg: We adorn our rooms with flowers.
decorate: 装修
Eg: Newly weds embark on the task of decorating their new house.新婚夫妇忙着装修自己的新房子。
adorn 装点
Eg: He adoned his story with all sorts of adventures that never happened.
She adorned her dress with a lace.
ornament v. 增添细节或装饰物
Eg: The dress is ornamented / adorned with lace.
a woman adorned in jewelry and fur 一位珠光宝气、穿着皮衣的妇女
in jeans 穿着牛仔裤
in jewelry 佩戴首饰
in fur 穿着裘皮大衣
a miss adorned in mink coat 一位穿着貂皮大衣的小姐
a beautifully adorned room
a beautifully decorated house

【Text】
Lesson 52 Mud is mud 实事求是
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did Harry decide to give up his little game?

My cousin, Harry, keeps a large curiously-shaped bottle on permanent display in his study. Despite the fact that the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green, an observant visitor would soon notice that it is filled with what looks like a thick, grayish substance. If you were to ask Harry what was in the bottle, he would tell you that it contained perfumed mud. If you expressed doubt or surprise, he would immediately invite you to smell it and then to rub some into your skin. This brief experiment would dispel any further doubts you might have. The bottle really does contain perfumed mud. How Harry came into the possession of this outlandish stuff makes an interesting story which he is fond of relating. Furthermore, the acquisition of this bottle cured him of a bad habit he had been developing for years.
Harry used to consider it a great joke to go into expensive cosmetic shops and make outrageous requests for goods that do not exist. He would invent fanciful names on the spot. On entering a shop, he would ask for a new perfume called 'Scented Shadow ' or for ' insoluble bath cubes'. If a shop assistant told him she had not heard of it, he would pretend to be considerably put out. He loved to be told that one of his imaginary products was temporarily out of stock and he would faithfully promise to call again at some future date, but of course he never did. How Harry managed to keep a straight face during these performances is quite beyond me.
Harry does not need to be prompted to explain how he bought his precious bottle of mud. One day, he went to an exclusive shop in London and asked for 'Myrolite', the shop assistant looked puzzled and Harry repeated the word, slowly stressing each syllable. When the woman shook her head in bewilderment, Harry went on to explain that 'myrolite' was a hard, amber-like substance which could be used to remove freckles. This explanation evidently conveyed something to the woman who searched shelf after shelf. She produced all sorts of weird concoctions, but none of them met with Harry's requirements. When Harry put on his act of being mildly annoyed, the assistant promised to order some for him. Intoxicated by his success, Harry then asked for perfumed mud. He expected the assistant to look at him in blank astonishment. However, it was his turn to be surprised, for the woman's eyes immediately lit up and she fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect. For once, Harry had to admit defeat. He picked up what seemed to be the smallest bottle and discreetly asked the price. He was glad to get away with a mere twenty pounds and he beat a hasty retreat, clutching the precious bottle under his arm. From then on, Harry decided that this little game he had invented might prove to be expensive. The curious bottle, which now adorns the bookcase in his study, was his first and last purchase of rare cosmetics.

【课文讲解】
这是一篇记叙文
keep sth. on permanent display
duriously-shaped 形状奇怪的
wine bottles of all shapes and sizes
despite the fact that 尽管事实如此
in spite of the fact that
used to 过去常常而现在不
would现在有可能存在
Eg: He would often have clas in the morning.
if you should 和 if you were to 可以互换
should + 动词原形可能性大
were to + 动词原形可能性极小

L52-04 end 12’29”
Lesson52A end 42:29

Lesson52B begin 39:06
L52-05 begin 12’10”

背熟：If you expressed doubt or surprise
背熟：This brief experiment would dispel any further doubts you might have.
brief: 简单的 simple
does 用来加强语气
背熟：How Harry came into the possession of this outlandish stuff makes an interesting story which he is fond of relating.
come into the possession of sth. 获得的过程
Eg: How harry married his beautiful wife makes an interesting story. 哈里是怎么样娶了这样一位漂亮的妻子还有一段有趣的故事。
he is fond of relating == he is fond of talking about
stuff==material == substance
furthermore == what is more == moreover
背熟：the acquisition of this bottle cured him of a bad habit he had been developing for years.
own habits by heart 积习难改，本性难移

背熟： Harry used to consider it a great joke to go into expensive cosmetic shops and make outrageous requests for goods that do not exist.
consider it a great joke to do sth. 把做某事看作是巨大的乐趣
consider it great fun
consider it great amusement
consider it a great joy

He would invent fanciful names on the spot. == He would invent names imaginable on the sopt.
on the sopt 当场，当时
on entering a shop== as soon as he enters a shop

背熟：he would pretend to be considerably put out.
pretend to do 装做......
put out == upset == annoy
Eg: He was put out by my rude words.
imaginary 虚构的，想象的
out of stock 脱销

L52-05 end 12’10”

L52-06 begin (56-03) 13’29”

背熟：he would faithfully promise to call again at some future date
faithfully permise 信誓旦旦地说
at some future date == some day == one day

背熟：How Harry managed to keep a straight face during these performances is quite beyond me.
keep a straight face == keep serious
is quite beyond me == is quite beyond my understanding == is quite beyond my imagination

重点：how引导主语从句
keep sth. on permanent display 永远展示，陈列
Eg: We don’t know how he came into ( the ) possession of the farm.

Paragraph 3
You needn’t encourage him to explain his story.
of his own accord 自然而然地，相当于willingly

背熟：Harry does not need to be prompted to explain
exclusive shop: only wealthy people can visit such expensive shop
exclusive right to publish their stories
exclusive: 独家的，独占的；不相容的
The school is exclusive.
exclusive shop 专售高档商品的商店

背熟：the shop assistant looked puzzled and Harry repeated the word，slowly stressing each syllable.
puzzled 茫然不知所措
bewildered
stressing 加重每一个音节

go on to do sth. 继续做别的事情
cat-like; dog-like
amber-like 象琥珀一样的
be used to do 被用来干 ......
be used to doing 习惯于做......

背熟：This explanation evidently conveyed something to the woman who searched shelf after shelf.
shelf after shelf == one shelf after another
produced == showed
He produced a cigaret to me. 他拿出了一颗烟给我。

背熟：She produced all sorts of weird concoctions, but none of them met with Harry's requirements.
meet with sb’s requirments / need 满足某人的需要
requirments == demands

When Harry put on his act of being mildly annoyed
put on his act of doing 装模作样
put on == pretend
Eg: She said that she felt ill, but she was just putting it on.
He put on the act of understanding me / what I said. 他装出理解我的话的样子。
He pretends to be wealthy.
He put on an act of being wealthy.

L52-06 end 13’29”

L52-07 begin 13’35”

背熟：Intoxicated by his success, Harry then asked for perfumed mud.

in blank astonishment 茫然惊奇地

背熟：However, it was his turn to be surprised, for the woman's eyes immediately lit up and she fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.
surprised == amazed 惊奇地
Eg: The custom officer’s face lit up as soon as he saw the tiny bottle on the bottom of my suitcase.
inspect ==choose == select
admit defeat == take a beating 认输
My aunt Harriet found piles of bottles of all shapes and sizes in what had been Bessie’s wordrobe.
what was in those days enlighted policy 当时所谓的开明政策
seemed to be == looked like

discreet 言行小心

背熟：He was glad to get away with a mere twenty pounds and he beat a hasty retreat,
不定式to 表示原因
retreat 撤退
beat a retreat 溜走
hasty == speedy
Eg: He left the shop as quickly as possible.

clutching现在分词做伴随状况状语
Eg: I got away with pricious chalk marks on my luggage. (L11)
pay the price 付出代价

‘The curious bottle, which now adorns the bookcase in his study, was his first and last purchase of rare cosmetics.’
非限制性定语从句
Eg: The girl studies English well who lives in my neighbourhood.
The girl, who lives in my neighbourhood, studies English well.

重点结构表达：
admit defeat 认输
beat a hasty retreat 匆忙溜掉
stress each syllable 加强音节
in bewilderment
in blank astonishment

L52-07 end 13’35” (Lesson52B end 39:06 Lesson52 end 1:21:35

Lesson53 begin 1:08:04 L53-01 begin 17’22”
§ Lesson 53
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●evolve v. 逐渐形成
●high-handed adj. 高压的，专横的
●incompetent adj. 不够格的，不称职的
●over-zealously adv. 过分热情地
●safeguard v. 保护
●parliamentary adj. 国会的
●qalified adj. 合格的
●grievance n. 不平，冤屈
●Justiteombudsman n. （瑞典的）司法特派员
●ombudsman n. （瑞典和英国的）司法特派员
●secretive adj. 保密的
●correspondence n. 来往信件
●alter v. 改变
●accusation n. 谴责，指控
●ascertain v. 查出，查明
●prejudiced adj. 有偏见的，不公平的
●prompt adj. 即时的

◆evolve v. 逐渐形成
vt. develop gradually
Eg: He has developed / evolved a new system for running the factory.
evolve a system for doing sth.
Man has evolved from the ape. 人类是从类人猿进化而来的。（演化）
evolve from
evolution 发展，演变
Eg: The evolution isn’t unexpected.
-ism / socialism / evolutionism 进化论
evolutionist 进化论者
evolutional 发展的，进化的
resolve (L50) / resolve to do sth. 下定决心做某事
resolution / revolve
Eg: The earth is round, and every day and night it is revolving.
involve vt. 卷入，牵涉 / be involved in
Eg: He is involved in the case.

◆high-handed adj. 高压的，专横的
◆incompetent adj. 不够格的，不称职的
competent: having ability / qualification to do sth.
be competent to do sth.
be competent for sth.
qualified / fit
Eg: He is competent / qualified / fit for the job.
incompetent / unfit
competent: sufficient / enough adequate
Eg: He has a competent knowledge of French.
He is competent to teach the language.
competnece / qualification for / to
the competence for / to
Eg: He has the ability to do the job.
He has the capability / capacity of doing the job.
He has the competence to do / for the job.
qualification

◆over-zealously adv. 过分热情地
over- zealous / zealously

◆safeguard v. 保护
safequard: n. / vt. (书面用语，比较正式)
protect
Eg: We must safeguard our motherland.
We must safegiard our state territorial integrity.
Keeping clean is a safeguard against disease.
safeguard / guard 保安
Eg: We need several safeguards.
protect
safeguard / protect our eyes

◆parliamentary adj. 国会的
◆qalified adj. 合格的
◆grievance n. 不平，冤屈
grief
Eg: I can’t go to the cinema with you tonight because I have to comfort my friend in grief.
grieve: cause grief to
Eg: It grieves me to see him in such bad health.

L53-01 end 17’22”

L53-02 begin 17’18”

grieve for / about / over
grieve / in grief
grieve / it grieves me

◆Justiteombudsman n. （瑞典的）司法特派员
◆ombudsman n. （瑞典和英国的）司法特派员
◆secretive adj. 保密的
secritive letters

◆correspondence n. 来往信件
keep up correspondence 保持通信联系
keep in touch with sb. by writing letters
Eg: We keep up correspondence recently for several years.
by / through correspondence
by writing letters
correspondence school 函授学校
correspondence course 函授课程
correspondence: agreement / similarity 相似，一致
in correspondence with sb. 与......一致 / 保持通信联系
bring sth. into correspondence with sth.
Eg: We must bring your idea into correspondence with mine.
correspondent 通信员，通信者

◆◆◆alter v. 改变
alter / change
alter: change in character, appearance etc. partly
Eg: The shirt must be altered. It is too large.
change: 完全、彻底的变化
Eg: Great changes have taken place in our country.
He changed a lot after so many years of hard work, so I even can’t recognise him.
convert: 改变（态度上）;变化
Eg: He converted to Buddhism.
The new house is converted from an old one.
transform: 形态或性质上发生变化，主要指物理能量上的转变，或电压的改变
Eg: We can transform one form of energy into another.
vary: 由于改变而使多样化
Eg: Customs vary with the times
turn

◆accusation n. 谴责，指控
◆ascertain v. 查出，查明
find out / get to know / make certain / make sure
Eg: Let us ascertain when we will hold the party.
读音：certain / ascertain

◆prejudiced adj. 有偏见的，不公平的
prejudice
Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见

◆prompt adj. 即时的

【Text】
Lesson 53 In the public interest 为了公众的利益
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What could not be reported in the official flees?

The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-
handed or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries too.
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public official like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1,200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law the altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.
A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police strongly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his layers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in the official files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.

【课文讲解】

for: because of
be admired for
Eg: He is admired by us for his humor.
worldwide

背熟： evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from..
evolve a system for doing sth.
protect / safeguard from
Eg: I can’t conceal my amusement. 我不能够掩饰我幸灾乐祸的心情。
Your excitement is beyond me. 你的激动的表现/心情是我难以理解的。
evolve an excellent system for doing sth.
has worked so well: workable
adopt / adapt

L53-02 end 17’18”

L53-03 begin 16’24”

adopt 采纳
adapt 改编，以适应（指修改或改变以适应新条件）

unsuitable mistakes
were the first / secone / last / only to do sth.
public officials: public officers

in the belief that: believe in
Eg: He turned to me for help because he believed that I could help him.
He turned to me for help in the believe that I could lend him a hand.
He turned to me for help believing that I could lend him a hand.
in the hope: hoping
in the thought: thinking
Eg: We come here in the hope that we will learn English well.
We come here hoping to learn English well.
Judges, however wise or eminent, are mortak and can make mistakes.
as long ago as 1809: dating back to 1809
date back to / date from

introduce : bring in 引入
Eg: He introduced science to the game boxing.
He brought science into the game boxing.

scheme 制度
Eg: Sometimes, you need to find a right place to put your latest addition.

represent
Eg: The statue represented a goddess.
A monitor representing his classmates.

be qualified to do sth. / be competent to do sth.

refer to sb. as 把某人称之为......

背熟：The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure.
be subject to sth. 易受......的影响 (to 介词); 隶属于
Eg: He is subject to cold during winter.
be likely to do (不定式to)
Eg: He is likely to catch cold during winter.
be prone to
Eg: He is prone to flu during winter.
be liable to do

隶属于
Eg: Your plan is subject to my approval.
We have a good plan, but the plan must be subject to our teacher’s approval.

背熟：He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society.
complaints large and small 形容词短语做定语，放在被修饰词之后
grievances
Eg: A great many students, boy and girl, went to the party yesterday.
Many people, old and yound, visit the shop.

L53-03 end 16’24”

L53-04 begin 17’18”

be made in writing: be written down
an average of 平均
I work for 8 hours every day.
I work for an average of 8 hours a day.
We have got 15 students in each class.
each 二个的平均
every 三个以上的平均
Eg: We have got an average of 15 students in each / every class.
in detail / in details
justified: justice
on his behalf: in his interest

vary / varied / various

名词前加定冠词the表示“这一类”时，名词就不要加表示复数的-s, 否则则表示这部分。
Eg: The refrigerators are useful during hot summer. (错)
The refrigerator is useful during hot summer.
Refrigerators are useful during hot summer.
A refrigerator is useful during hot summer.

nature: character
a law (should) be altered
suggest to sb.

背熟：The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work.
The following case is a typical example of it you can judge by yourself.

Paragraph 3:
A foreigner living in a Swedish village: A foreigner who is living in a Swedish village.
A foreigner wrote a letter to the Ombudsman complaining...
The editor sent a fax 包含ucting the journalist to get statistics.
simply because: only because / just because

accuse sb. of doing sth.
the matter: the case

背熟：The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions.
ascertain that / sth.
made sure that / made certain that
dealt roughly with: ill-treated
be prejudiced against sb. / sth.
Eg: If you are prejudiced against sth. , you must take objection to it.
find this out: to discover it
check the facts: verify the facts

It is only possible for us to learn the language well if we study hard.
representative / represent
a committee representing all political parties
lawyer assistants
in question: 当事的，所涉及的
practice: what the policeman did / the way that he treated with foreigners
put an end to
stop
prevent
You prevent me from doing the work

背熟：The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
which might have gone unnoticed: which might have gone without being noticed
Eg: If they had had only one more child, they would have lived in obscurity unnoticed.

L53-04 end 17’18” Lesson53 end 1:08:04

Lesson54 begin 1:31:41 Lesson54A begin 56:23 L54-01 begin 18’53” (P245)

§ Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness? 是本能还是机智

【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●insect n. 昆虫
●wage v. 进行（斗争）
●contaminate v. 弄脏
●provocation n. 惹怒
●spider n. 蜘蛛
●wasp n. 黄蜂
●moth n. 飞蛾
●ant n. 蚂蚁
●revulsion n. 厌恶
●horde n. 群
●uncanny adj. 神秘的，不可思议的
●erase v. 擦，抹去
●praying mantis 螳螂
●entranced adj. 出神的
●beetle n. 甲虫
●sheltered adj. 伤不着的，无危险的
●luscious adj. 甘美的
●cluster n. 一簇
●aphid n. 蚜虫
●underside n. 底面，下侧
●colony n. 一群
●sticky adj. 粘的
●scurry v. 小步跑
●swarm v. 聚集
●ingenuity n. 机灵

◆insect n. 昆虫
◆wage v. 进行（斗争）
wage: begin and continue a struggle
wage a war against / on
Eg: Life means perpetual struggle against poverty.
carry on
undertake to do 着手
Eg: He undertook to inform people concerned.
engage in / be engaged in / be determined on sth. / be dedicated to sth. / be devoted to sth.

◆◆◆contaminate v. 弄脏
contaminate / pollute
contaminate: make dirty or bad or impure by mixing with dirty or poisonous matter.
Eg: Don’t eat the apple. It has been contaminated by flies.
Never eat food contaminated by flies.
Don’t read the hot story just because it will contaminate your mind. 别阅读黄色书刊。
hot story 色情小说 blue movie 色情电影

pollute
Eg: The air has been polluted severely / terribly / badly.
pollution / polluted
tint vt. 弄脏(通常指坏因素对你的影响)
Eg: Don’t read the hot story just because it will contaminate / tint your mind.
His reputation was tinted by the scandal. 他的名声被丑闻沾污了。
scandal 丑闻
foul : 弄脏 make sth. dirty
Eg: Dogs are forbidden to go into the streets because we are afraid the streets will be fouled.
The factory is responsible for fouling up the air. (相当于pollute)
foul up == pollute
defile 弄脏，污染 make sth. impure
Eg: I like honey, but I don’t want to drink the honey defiled by flies.
poison / foul up / pollute
Eg: Gases from cars are poisoning the air of our city.
Read: pollute / foul up / poison / contaminate / defile / tint
Eg: He is contaminated / tinted by hot stories.
Hot stories contaminate / tint his mind.

◆provocation n. 惹怒
provoke v.
1. make angry or bad-tempered
Eg: He was provoked beyond his endurance.
He was provoked and it was more than he could endure.
2. cause 引起，导致，激起
arouse
Eg: The book arouses / provokes my interest.
bring about / result in / lead to / give rise to
provoke sb’s interest in sth.
provoke sb, to do / provoke sb. into doing / cause sb. to do sth.
Eg: You provoked him to say so. Why?

L54-01 end 18’53”

L54-02 begin 18’48”

Eg: His provocation is beyond my endurance.

◆spider n. 蜘蛛
◆wasp n. 黄蜂
◆moth n. 飞蛾
◆ant n. 蚂蚁
◆revulsion n. 厌恶
disgust / dislike

◆horde n. 群
◆uncanny adj. 神秘的，不可思议的
mysterious
Eg: They are leading a mysterious life.
In spite of this, he survived mysteriously.
eerie 怪诞的，奇异的
Eg: He looks eerie. / What he said is eerie to me.
weird 怪异的，怪诞的，神秘的（行为举止让人摸不着头尾）
Eg: I can’t get along well with him because he is a weird person.
Why do you decide to many such a weird person?
cryptic 神秘的，鬼鬼崽崽的
Eg: Why did you do such a little thing in a cryptic way.

Read: eerie / weird / cryptic / mysterious / uncanny

◆erase v. 擦，抹去
Eg: Erease the idea from your mind!
He erases the name from the namelist.
cancel / write off / cross off
Eg: The word is unnecessary here, so it is crossed off.
wipe out
Eg: I want to write on the blackboard, so I have to wipe all the words here out.
I can’t imaging why you are so hot, please wipe out sweat on your face.
obliterate 涂去
Eg: He obliterated two words in ink / with a pen.
I obliterate the word with chalk.

◆praying mantis 螳螂
◆entranced adj. 出神的
entrance
entrance to the room / hall
entrance: carry away with joy and delight 入迷，出神
be entranced in thought
Eg: I don’t know what he has in his mind. Anyway he is entranced in thought.
be entranced with fear 吓得魂不附体
Eg: At the story at night, I was entranced with fear.
be pleased with / be satisfied with / be popular with / be entranced with performance / film / book
Eg: He was entranced with film.
Are you entranced with the story?
He listened to the story entranced.
The writer watched ants entranced.

◆beetle n. 甲虫
◆sheltered adj. 伤不着的，无危险的
◆luscious adj. 甘美的
◆cluster n. 一簇
◆aphid n. 蚜虫
◆underside n. 底面，下侧
◆colony n. 一群
◆sticky adj. 粘的
◆scurry v. 小步跑
◆swarm v. 聚集
◆ingenuity n. 机灵
Eg: The boy shows ingenulity in making toys.

【Text】
Lesson 54 Instinct or cleverness? 是本能还是机智
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Was the writer successful in protecting his peach tree? Why not?

We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. We continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry diseases, or devour our crops. They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat ageist our lighted windows. We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless one like moths. Reading about them increases our understanding without dispelling our fears. Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung. Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating. We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives. We enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?
Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches. During the summer, I noticed tat the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. Clusters of tiny insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves. They were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them. I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though if failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours. I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphids. The tape was so stick that they did not dare to cross it. For a long time. I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment. I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it. I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair. Instead, I saw that they had discovered a new route. They were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree. I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity. The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods!

参考译文
我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。人类不断同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。它们无缘无故地又叮又咬；夏天的晚上，它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里，或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑乱撞。我们在日常生活中，不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解，却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里，当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行时，我们也无法抑制对它们的反感。不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜，或读过多少关于蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书，我们仍然十分害怕被蜂蜇。我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的，但去无法消除。同时，不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书，尤其是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时，就更加爱读有关昆虫的书了。我们喜欢入迷地看它们做事，它们不知道（但愿如此）我们就在它们身边。当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时，谁能不感到敬畏呢？
去年夏天，我花了好几天时间站在花园里观察成千只蚂蚁爬上我那棵心爱的桃树的树干。那棵树是靠着房子有遮挡的一面暖墙生长的。我为这棵树感到特别自豪，不仅因为它度过了几个寒冬终于活了下来，而且还因为它有时结出些甘甜的桃子来。到了夏天，我发现树叶开始枯萎，结果在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜虫小虫子。蚜虫遭到一窝蚂蚁的攻击，蚂蚁从它们身上可以获得一种蜜。我当即动手作了一项试验，这项试验尽管没有使我摆脱这些蚂蚁，却使我着迷了24小时。我用一条胶带把桃树底部包上，不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。胶带极粘，蚂蚁不敢从上面爬过。在很长一段时间里，我看见蚂蚁围着大树底部来回转悠，不知所措。半夜，我还拿着电筒来到花园里，满意地（同时惊奇地）发现那些蚂蚁还围着胶带团团转。无能为力。第二天早上，我起床后希望看见蚂蚁已因无望而放弃了尝试，结果却发现它们又找到一条新的路径。它们正在顺着房子的外墙往上爬，然后爬上树叶。我懊丧地感到败在了足智多谋的蚂蚁的手下。蚂蚁已很快找到了相应的对策，来对付我那套完全不科学的办法！

【课文讲解】
背熟：We have been brought up to fear insects.
Eg: We have been brought up to eat certain food.
We have learnt to do ...
We have learnt to fear insects.
Girls have been brought up to fear mice.

do more harm than good
Eg: The exercese will do you good.
Smoking will do you harm.
wage war against / wage war on them
Eg: Two dogs benefited from the accident and they devoured the remains of the cake.
Her eyes devour the beautiful dress.

fly uninvited into our rooms / without being invited 不请自来
做定语时，light 只能用lighted 形式。

背熟：We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless one like moths.
Eg: I did so as / because I believe that you can do it well.
I did so in the belief that...
in the thought that / in the hope that
in / under
Eg: Even he still lives under the illusion that country life is much more veautiful.
L54-02 end 18’48”

L54-03 begin 18’57”
Eg: We live under the illusion that city life is wonderful.

in dread: in fear
in dread of
dread doing / dread to do
ones: insects
在使用not only..., but (also ) ... (as well) 句型时，要突出介词短语或动词短语中的介词，则此介词要重复出现。
Eg: I live in dread not only of dogs, but of cats.

be afraid of
Eg: I am afraid not only of dogs, but of cats.

both ... and ...
Eg: We live in dread of both dogs and cats.
I am interested not only in English, but in French.
dispel : erase ／get rid of / remove消除

Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being
主语谓语
filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch.
时间状语从句
disgusting
in a highly organized society
Eg: We live in a highly organized society.
用does nothing to do造句
Eg: Doing so does nothing to prevent me from hating you.
prevent sb. from doing sth.
Eg: Nothing will prevent me from saying so.
Whatever you say does nothing to prevent me from attaining / accomplish my goal.
accomplish goal / attain goal
accomplish aim / attain aim
horde / colony
crawl / creep / climb

背熟：No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung.
No matter how: however much
dread / fear / horror / terror
we become illogical when we have a horror of being stung.

It is impossible for us to do sth.
It is impossible for us to erase the fears.
It is easy for everyone to read. / it is easy to read.

be fascinated with
strangely: uncanny

go about their business: as they do what they should do
as they get down to their business
Let us get down to our business.
You should go about your business. 你该干你应该干的事。

背熟：Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly

L54-03 end 18’57”
Lesson54A end 56:23

Lesson54B begin 35:17
L54-04 begin 20’16”

stand in awe: fear but respect
pounce on: jump at / charge at
stand in awe of
Eg: Generally speaking, employees stand in awe of their employer.
In primary school, puples stand in awe of their teacher.

a colony of ants

Paragraph 2:
prize: dear
如果要突出原因，则要重复because
wither
horde / colony / column / cluster
were to be found / were found

see / find / congratulate (祝贺) 常和be to 搭配，用于被动语态。
Eg: The boy was found behind the door.
The boy was to be found behind the door.
He was congratulated by his friends.
He was to be congratulated by his friends.
We can’t find him anywhere. / We can find him nowhere.
He is nowhere to be found / seen.

which obtained: to obtain
embark on: set out to do / set about doing
Eg: I immediately set out to do an experiment.

本课的要点内容：even though if failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours.
kept me fascinated : kept me occupied
bind / bound

背熟：I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphids.
making it impossible for sb. to do
Eg: I work hard making it possible to pass the examination.
I prepared dinner carefully, making it possible to please my guests.
They didn’t dare to cross it. / They dared not cross it.

need
Eg: You needn’t come here on Sunday. 助动词
You don’t need to come here on Sunday.　实义动词

in bewilderment: were lost
swarming around
without being albe to do anything about it
unable to do anything about it

背熟：I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair.
hoping to do: in the hope that

背熟：I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity.
I took a beating completely.

be quick to find answer to / a solution to
Eg: Daniel Mendoza was quick to learn.
Ants are quick to find answer to their problem.
L54-04 end 20’16”

L54-05 begin 11’58”
【Vocabulary】P246
Explain the meanings of the ofllowing words as they are used in the passage: contaminate (l.3); devour (l.4); provocation (l.4); dispelling (l.8); revulsion (l.9); pouncing (l.15)
contaminate: make dirty, make impure
contaminate / taint
contaminate / defile
pollute / foul up / poison
devour: eat hungrily
provocation: being make angry
provoke: make angry
dispelling: erasing
dispel: erase
Nothing can dispel our fear.
industrious: hard working
revolsion: dislike
pouncing： jumping at suddenly
pounce on: 猛扑向
Eg: The customs officer pounced on my tiny bottle.(L11)

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 We may learn more about the behaviour of insects _____ .
a. and become so fascinated by them that we are no longer moved by them
b. but we are no less likely to lose our irrational fear of them
c. provided they remain unaware of our presence while we observe them
d. as long as they only harm each other and not us
(背熟答案)
rational 理性的 / irrational 没理性的
logical / illogical
reasonable / unreasonable
retional / irrational
outrageous / ridiculous
be likely to do 有可能做
no less likely 可能性不大
we are no less likely to do sth.

2 The ant is an insect which _____ .
a. will eat its way through anything from picnic lunches to aphids
b. lives in a highly organized society which we find disqusting
c. once it has killed its prey, will bear it home in a triumphal column
d. shows great ingenuity at finding its way round any obstacle in its path

3 Had the peach tree been planted on the opposite side of the house _____ .
a. it might not have survived the severe winters
b. the writer would not have spent days looking at it
c. the ants would have had further to go before reaching it
d. the ants would not have found another route of access to the leaves

4 The reason for the ants’ swarming up and down the tree was that _____ .
a. they collected a kind of honey from the leaves
b. they fed on a kind of honey contraned in the sap of the tree
c. they were milking a kind of honey from the aphids on the leaves
d. they needed to go back to their nest in the branches of the tree
up and down 上上下下 /来来回回
around 来来回回
Clusters of insects called aphids were to be found on the underside of the leaves.

Structure
5 By reading about them, we may increase our understanding but _____ dispel our fears. (ll.7-8)
a. we will not b. it does not c. this will not d. not
结合第1题

6 Most of our fears are unreasonable, but we find _____ . (l.12)
a. it impossible to erase them b. that they cannot erase
c. them to erase impossible d. erasing them impossible
背熟题干和答案

7 ---- an experiment which, _____ failure to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated. (ll.22-23)
a. even though it was b. in spite of the c. despite its d. was a
in spite of / despite / in contempt of / in disregard of

8 _____ long to find an answer to ... (ll.30-31)
a. The ants had not been b. The quick ants had not been
c. The ants had not spent d. It had not taken the ants
it takes sb. or sth. some time to do

Vocabulary
9 Even when we know that the ant is an industrious creature which leads a highly organized life, we cannot _____ being filled with ... (ll.8-10)
a. refuse b. help c. prevent d. lose
can not help doing / can not resist doing

10 ---- we have read about the _____ sense of direction which bee possess ... (l.11)
a. unknown b. mysterious c. infinite d. disabled
uncanny

L54-05 end 11’58”

L54-06 begin 3’11”

11 The tree occasionally produces _____ fruit. (ll.19-20)
a. deliciously fresh b. sweet and juicy c. tender d. exotic
luscious
deliciously fresh 美味的
tender 温柔的，
exotic 未来的

12 I had been completely defeated by the _____ (ll.29-30)
a. speedy swarms b. hungry hordes c. inventive creatures d. ingenuous insects
speedy / swift / rapid / fast / quick/ hasty
ingenuous 天真的，老实的
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. C

L54-06 end 3’11” Lesson54B end 35:17 Lesson54 end 1:31:41

Lesson58 begin 33:13 L58-01 begin 9’11”
§ Lesson 58 A spot of bother 一点儿小麻烦
文章介绍：记叙文
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●lift n. 电梯
●monstrous adj. 极大的，可怕的
●negligence n. 粗心大意
●prudent adj. 谨慎的
●composure n. 镇静，沉着
●intruder n. 入侵者（尤指欲行窃者）
●lurk v. 潜藏
●hinder v. 妨碍
●fingerprint n. 指纹
●chaos n. 混乱，无秩序
●inconceivable adj. 不可思议的
●veritable adj. 真正的，地地道道的
●magpie n. 喜欢收藏物品的人
●toss v. 扔
●discard v. 丢弃
●constable n. 警察
●ransack v. 洗劫
●balcony n. 阳台
●fussy adj. 大惊小怪的，小题大作的

◆lift n. 电梯
elevator

◆monstrous adj. 极大的，可怕的
monstrous ghost

◆negligence n. 粗心大意
carelessness 比其正式
Eg: We must be careful otherwise we would get into trouble because of negligence.

◆prudent adj. 谨慎的
discreet / careful / cautious

◆composure n. 镇静，沉着
calm

◆intruder n. 入侵者（尤指欲行窃者）
intrud
burglar

◆lurk v. 潜藏
lurk in the darkness

◆hinder v. 妨碍
hinder sb. from doing sth. / prevent sb. from doing sth.

◆fingerprint n. 指纹
◆chaos n. 混乱，无秩序
in state of chaos
order / disorder
confusion
conceive

◆inconceivable adj. 不可思议的
conceive
conceivable
conceive of
Eg: I can’t conceive of it.
conceive of sth. as
Eg: I conceive of the life there as beautiful picture.
regard as / describe as / imagine as / refer to ... as / think of ... as
conceivable / inconceivable

◆◆veritable adj. 真正的，地地道道的

◆magpie n. 喜欢收藏物品的人
collector
magpie: a person who likes to collect things as mania or serious hobby.
Eg: Let us toss a coin to decide.

◆toss v. 扔
◆discard v. 丢弃
abandon / desert / forsake
discard: give up as useless
discard useless things
discard sth. for
discard a for b

◆constable n. 警察
◆ransack v. 洗劫
Eg: The robbers ransack the bank.
◆balcony n. 阳台
◆fussy adj. 大惊小怪的，小题大作的
Eg:You are a fussy person.
Read:本课重点词
●monstrous adj. 极大的，可怕的
●negligence n. 粗心大意
●prudent adj. 谨慎的
●hinder v. 妨碍
●chaos n. 混乱，无秩序
●inconceivable adj. 不可思议的
●toss v. 扔
●discard v. 丢弃
●ransack v. 洗劫
●fussy adj. 大惊小怪的，小题大作的

【Text】
§ Lesson 58 A spot of bother 一点儿小麻烦
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What did the old lady find when she got home?

The old lady was glad to be back at the block of flats where she lived. Her shopping had tired her and her basket ad grown heavier with every step of the way home. In the lift her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest; but when she got out at her own floor, both were forgotten in her sudden discovery that her front door was open. She was thinking that she must reprimand her home help the next morning for such a monstrous piece of negligence, when she remembered that she had gone shopping after the home help had left and she knew that she had turned both keys in their locks, She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open, yet following her regular practice she had shut them before going out. Looking into the drawing room, she saw a scene of confusion over by her writing desk. It was as clear as daylight then that burglars had forced an entry during her absence. Her first impulse was to go round all the rooms looking for the thieves, but then she decided that at her age it might be more prudent to have someone with her, so she went to fetch the porter from his basement. By this time her legs were beginning to tremble, so she sat down and accepted a cup of very strong tea, while he telephoned the police. Then, her composure regained, she was ready to set off with the porter's assistance to search for nay intruders who might still be lurking in her flat.
They went through the rooms, being careful to touch nothing, as they did not want to hinder the police in their search for fingerprints. The chaos was inconceivable. She had lived in the flat for thirty years and was a veritable magpie at hoarding; and it seemed as though everything she possessed had been tossed out and turned over and over. At least sorting out the things she should have discarded years ago was now being made easier for her. Then a police inspector arrived with a constable and she told them of her discovery of the ransacked flat. The inspector began to look for fingerprints, while the constable checked that the front door locks had not been forced, thereby proving that the burglars had either used skeleton keys or entered over the balcony. There was no trace of fingerprints, but the inspector found a dirty red bundle that con-
tained jewellery which the old lady said was not hers. So their entry into this flat was apparently not the burglars' first job that day and they must have been disturbed. The inspector then asked the old lady to try to check what was missing by the next day and advised her not to stay alone in the flat for a few nights. The old lady though the was a fussy creature, but since the porter agreed with him, she rang up her daughter and asked for her help in what she described as a little spot of bother.
参考译文
老妇人回到了她居住的公寓楼，心里很高兴。去商店买东西把她搞得筋疲力尽；在回家的路上，她每走一步，就感到手里的篮子又重了一点。她乘上电梯后，只想着午餐和好好休息一下。但她到自己的楼层走出电梯后，就把这两件事忘了个干净，因为她突然发现她家的大门开着。她心想明天上午一定要好好训斥那个干家务的帮手，她竟如此疏忽大意。但突然记起来了，帮手是在她出去买东西之前走的，她还记得曾用了两把钥匙把大门锁上了。她慢慢地走进前厅，立即发现所有的房门都敞开着，而她记得在出门买东西前，她按老规矩是把房门一一锁上的。她往起居室里看去，写字台边一片狼籍。事情很清楚，在她外出时，窃贼曾闯进家门。她第一个条件反射是各个房间搜寻一下窃贼，但转念一想，像她这个年纪，最好找个人一起去。于是她到地下室去找看门的人。这时她两腿累得开始发抖，于是坐了下来，喝了一杯浓茶。与此同时，看门的人给警察挂了电话。此刻老妇人也镇定了下来，准备在看门人的协助下搜寻可能仍躲藏在她房里的窍贼。
他俩搜遍这每一个房间，小心翼翼地不接触任何东西，因为他们怕妨碍警察寻找指纹。房间里的紊乱状况是无法想像的。老妇人在这套公寓里住了30 年，她又是个名副其实的收藏家。看来她的每一件东西都被翻了出来，并且被里里外外看了遍。这样一来，她倒是容易将那些几年前就该扔掉的东西找出来了。过了一会儿，一位巡官带着一名警察来了。她向他们讲述了发现公寓遭劫的经过。巡官开始搜寻指纹，警察经检查发现大门锁头并无撬过的迹象。由此可以证明，窍贼或者是用万能钥匙，或者是翻越阳台进来的。巡官没有发现指纹，却发现了一个装有珠宝的、肮脏的红包袱。老妇人说那不是她的。很明显，闯进这套公寓的窃贼那天并不是首次作案，而且他一定受了惊吓。巡官请老妇人在次日之前设法查清丢了些什么，并劝她几夜之内不要独自一人在公寓过夜。老妇人觉得巡官大惊小怪，但既然看门人也同意他的意见，她只得打电话向女儿求援，说她碰到了一点儿小麻烦。

【课文讲解】
A spot of bother: A bit of bother

L58-01 end 9’11”

L58-02 begin 12’29”
背熟：Her shopping had tired her and her basket ad grown heavier with every step of the way home.
exhausted / tired out / worn out / wear out
Her basket had grown heavier and heavier
Eg: Having a lesson tired me and my school bag had grown heavier with every step of the way home.

背熟：In the lift her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest
in the lift she thought about her lunch and a good rest.
her thoughts 作主语
thoughts ... on
Eg: I didn’t notice you at that time because my thoughts were on the textbook.
Your thoughts must be on them.

背熟：but when she got out at her own floor, both were forgotten in her sudden discovery that her front door was open.
in the belief that (L53)
Public officials can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public.

for such a monstrous piece of negligence

negligence 不可数名词
a piece of negligence

when: at the moment

背熟：following her regular practice she had shut them before going out.

confusion: chaos

背熟：It was as clear as daylight
Eg: He is as stubbom as a mule.
You are as poor as a church mouse.

obviously

背熟：Her first impulse was to go round all the rooms looking for the thieves

regain: recover 恢复

L58-02 end 12’29”

L58-03 begin 11’38”
she was ready to set off to search for any intruders who might still be lurking in her flat with the porter’s assistance.

go through: search

as though : as if

背熟：At least sorting out the things she should have discarded years ago was now being made easier for her.
forced: broken

背熟：there was no trace of sth.
bundle: parcel
a bundle of hay

entry WTO
apparently: obviously
creature: living thing

in her sudden discovery that...
in the belief that
本课比较简单，可作为练习口语的材料，用自己的话去复述这篇文章。
L58-03 end 11’38” Lesson58 end 33:13

Lesson59 begin 1:59:27 Lesson59A begin 32:39 L59-01 begin 10’38”
§ Lesson 59 Collecting 收藏
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●amass v. 积聚
●indiscriminate adj. 不加选择的
●clutter n. 一堆杂物
●string n. 细线
●requisite n. 必需品
●mania n. 癖好
●sketch n. 草图，图样
●remote adj. （机会，可能性）少的，小的
●strong-minded adj. 意志坚强的
●relaxation n. 休息，娱乐
●verify v. 查证，核实
●bearing n. 关系，联系
●like-minded adj. 志趣相投的
●specimen n. 标本
●constructively adv. 有益的，积极的
●contented adj. 心满意足的
●boredom n. 烦恼，无聊

给大家5分钟的时间复读课文，挑选出collect的同义词

Paragraph 1
amass
l.7 accumulate
collected
n.
collecting
treasure
l.20 collection
l.22 addition
l.23 hobby
l.25 the latest find

◆amass v. 积聚
gather: (小型)聚集
assemble: (大型) 集会
amass: （书面化）积聚, 所积累的东西有很高的价值
accumulate
collect: 收藏
collect stamps
collect matchboxes
collect tax
collect parcel
store / hold up: 大量贮藏

◆◆indiscriminate adj. 不加选择的
Eg: He is indiscriminate in making friends.
uncritical 不加以评判的
critical :批评的，批判的

L59-01 end 10’38” (60-01)

L59-02 begin 10’56”

Eg: He is uncritical while going shopping.
unselective 不加以选择的
haphazard adj. 任意的，无计划的
make haphazard remarks 妄加评论，随口乱说
random adj. & n. 任意的，胡乱的
at random
Eg: This is my random guess.
casual adj. 随便的(漫不经心)
casually adv.
undiscriminating adj. 不加以区别的
discriminate: 加以选择
Read: undiscriminating; unselective; uncritical; haphazard; random; casual; at random; desultory
desultory : 随意的（无条理）
Eg: The careful study of a few books is better than the desultory reading og many.

◆clutter n. 一堆杂物
piles of junk / clutter litter that floor

◆string n. 细线
string : 连锁的
a string of: 一串

◆requisite n. 必需品
living resquisite
necessity: 生活必需品，必不可缺的因素

◆◆mania n. 癖好
have a mania for doing sth.: 有做某事的癖好（狂热）

L59-02 end 10’56”

L59-03 begin 11’11”

craze: 狂热，时尚
be crazy about
hobby: 很重视（不会忽略）
mania: 癖好（老年人）
desire: n. 做某事的强烈愿望
have desire for (to do ) sth.
madness n. 疯狂的行为
be mad about
insanity n. 疯狂（=madness）
insane adj. 失支理智的
Eg: His insanity is unexpected.

◆sketch n. 草图，图样
◆remote adj. （机会，可能性）少的，小的
slight
possibility / chance
Eg: The chances are remote that he will pass his examination.
good
The chances that he will leave the hospital for new year celebration are good.

◆strong-minded adj. 意志坚强的
◆relaxation n. 休息，娱乐
entertainment

◆◆◆verify vt. 查证，核实
Eg: You must verify the numbers / statistics.
verify the facts
certify : 证明，保证
confirm: 证实
Eg: My boss can confirm that I was here at that time.
文档 n. 文件； v. 用文件证明
Eg: Please 文档 what you said just now.
I don’t believe you. I only believe in 文档.
substantiate: 证明（某事有根据）

L59-03 end 11’11”
Lesson59A end 32:39

Lesson59B begin 33:48
L59-04 begin 11’49”

Eg: I can substantiate it.
validate: 使生效，确认，证实
valid: 有效的
Eg: We must validate the law.
When we use a new teaching method, we must validate it at first.
prove: 证明证实是否怎样
Read: verify / certify / confirm / 文档 / validate / prove / substantiate
check
Eg: Please check the figures / statistics.

◆bearing n. 关系，联系
relation / connection
association: 联想

◆like-minded adj. 志趣相投的
Eg: We’d like to make friends with like-minded people.

◆specimen n. 标本
◆constructively adv. 有益的，积极的
◆◆◆contented adj. 心满意足的
pleased / satisfied / delighted
Eg: Robert was not only pleased with my arrival but also delighted with my little gift.
be contented with sth. / sb.

◆boredom n. 烦恼，无聊
monotonous / tedious / tired / tiresome / bored

【Text】
Lesson 59 Collecting 收藏
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What in particular does a person gain when he or she becomes a serious collector?

People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so. Indeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned. Those who never have to move house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be described as clutter. They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years, in the belief that they may one day need just those very things. As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, lack of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away, and sentiment. Things owned for a long time are full associations with the past, perhaps with relatives who are dead, and so they gradually acquire a value beyond their true worth.
Some things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste. Among these I would list string and brown paper, kept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened, to save buying these two requisites. Collecting small items can easily become a mania. I know someone who always cuts sketches out from newspapers of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had the money. As she is not rich, the chances that she will ever be able to afford such purchases are remote; but she is never sufficiently strong-
minded to be able to stop the practice. It is a harmless bait, but it litters up her desk to such an extent that every time she opens it, loose bits of paper fall out in every direction.
Collecting as a serous hobby is quite different and has many advantages. It provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at one's treasures is always a joy. One does not have to go outside for amuse-
ment, since the collection is housed at home. Whatever it consists of, stamps, records, first editions of books, china, glass, antique furniture, pictures, model cars, stuffed birds, toy animals, there is always something to do in connection with it, from finding the right place for the latest addition, to verifying facts in reference books. This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it. There are also other benefits. One wants to meet like-minded collectors, to get advice, to compare notes, to exchange articles, to show off the latest find. So one's circle of friends grows. Soon the hobby leads to travel, perhaps to a meeting in another town, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to any one country. Over the years, one may well become an authority on one's hobby and will very probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings and then, if successful, to larger audiences. In this way self-confidence grows, first from mastering a subject, then from being able to take about it. Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.

参考译文
人们喜欢收藏东西，有时并没有意识到自己在这样做。确实，一旦无意之中从自己的收藏品中找到某件有用的东西时，可以给人一种惊喜的感觉。那些从来不必搬家的人们成了一种无所无容的收藏家。他们专门收藏那些只能被称作杂货的东西。他们在抽屉里，碗柜中、阁楼上堆放着一些不用的东西，一放就是好几年，相信总有一天需要的正好是那些东西。人们年老之后也喜欢收藏东西，不过是出于两个不同的原因：一是体力，精力均告不佳，这二者是清除无用的东西必不可少的因素；另一原因是感情因素。东西搁得时间久了，便会充满着与过去岁月的联系，比方说与死去的亲戚有关。因此这些东西慢慢获得了一种超出它本身的价值。
居家度日，有目的地收藏某些东西是为了防止浪费。这些东西中我想举出线绳和包装纸为例。节俭的人们打开包裹后便把这两样必备的东西收藏起来。省得日后去买。收集小玩艺儿很容易着迷。我认识一个人，她总喜欢从报纸上剪下流行服装的图样，等以后有钱时去买服装。由于她并不富裕，她买得起这些服装的可能性十分渺茫。但她又缺乏足够坚强的意志把这一收集活动停下来。这种习惯无害，只把写字台里堆得满满当当，以致每次打开抽屉总能带出许多纸片四处飞扬。
作为一种严肃的业余爱好的收藏活动完全是另外一回事，它具有许多益处。它可以使人在闲暇中得到休息，因为欣赏自己收藏的珍品总会充满了乐趣。人们不必走到户外去寻求娱乐，因为收藏品都是存放在家中。不管收藏品是什么，邮票、唱片、头版书籍、瓷器、玻璃杯、老式家具、绘画、模型汽车、鸟类标本，还是玩具动物，从为新增添的收藏品寻找摆放位置到核对参考书中的事实，总归有事可做。这种爱好不仅能使人从选择的专题中受到教育，而且也能从与之有关的一般事物中获得长进。除此之外，还有其他的益处。收藏者要会见情趣相投的收藏者，以获取教益，交流经验、交换收藏品，炫耀自己的最新收藏。朋友的圈子就这样不断扩大。用不了多久，有这种爱好的人便开始旅行，也许是去另一个城市参加会议，也可能是出国寻找一件珍品，因为收藏家是不分国籍的。一人积了多年经验会成为自己这种爱好的权威，很可能应邀在小型集会上作非正式的讲话。如果讲得好，可能向更多人发表演说。这样，你自信心不断增强，先是因为掌握一门学问，接下来是因为能够就此发表见解。收藏活动通过富有建设性地利用业余时间使人感到心满意足，不再有无聊之日。

【课文讲解】
注意写作风格，与L41和L43课完全不一样。
对比：分析事物之间的差异（通过事物比事物法）

背熟：People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so.
amass possession
tend to: 喜欢，有...... 倾向
unaware of doing so

背熟：Things owned for a long time are full associations with the past, perhaps with relatives who are dead, and so they gradually acquire a value beyond their true worth.
possession 财产，所有物 belongings
People tend to amass valuable items.

L59-04 end 11’49”

L59-05 begin 11’34”

because they gradually acquire a value beyond their true worth.

Eg: I can not estimate the true value of my photographs in terms of money.

Some things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste.

It is a harmless bait, but it litters up her desk to such an extent that every time she opens it, loose bits of paper fall out in every direction.

Collecting as a mania is a harmless habit

has many advantages / harmless habit

Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.

Collecting as a serious hobby

回到第一自然段第2句

have a delightful surprise

I am a collector of what can be described as valuable stamps.

I know a person of what can be described as bookworm.

in the belief that == believe in
in the thought that == think in

L59-05 end 11’34”

L59-06 begin 10’32”

Eg: I did so in the belief that you could help me.
I said so in the thought that I wouldn’t hurt you.

under the impression that
Eg: I am under the impression that the diamonds are really beautiful.

very: 加强语气
at exactly that moment == at that very moment

belongings

Eg: I failed my examination for two reasons, lack of hard work, being late for the examination.

sentiment: 情感
sentimental 多愁善感的

deliberately

背熟：Some things are collected deliberately in the home in an attempt to avoid waste.
in an attempt to do sth.：竭尽全力做某事
Eg”He rarely goes shopping in an attempt to save up.

thrifty == economical
save doing sth. 免掉做某事的麻烦
save the trouble of doing sth.

L59-06 end 10’32”
Lesson59B end 33:48

Lesson59C begin 52:59
L59-07 begin 10’28”

clothes--> purchase

sufficiently == enough 放在所修饰的adj. 前
practice: 个人的习惯做法 == mania == habit
every time == whenever

背熟： Collecting as a serous hobby is quite different and has many advantages. It provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at one's treasures is always a joy.
collection: 强调收藏品
collecting: 强调的是动作
Collecting stamps is my favourite hobby.

illustrate collecting
as: 就象什么一样
relacation ==entertainment: 休息，娱乐
treasures == valuable collection

amusement ==relaxation

is housed at home
whatever it consist of == whatever it is made up of
consist of == be made up of 由......组成
comprise, constitute

背熟：there is always something to do in connection with it，(it 指 collection )

From to 从什么到什么

L59-07 end 10’28”

L59-08 begin 10’25”

背熟：This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.
not only... but also ...

have bearing on sth. 与什么密切相关
relation to, be related to, have relation to
advantage, privilege, benefit

notes == collection
find == collection

背熟：So one’s circle of friends grows.

in search of == for
be confined to: 限定在什么区域范围之内
Eg: He is confined to the box.
We are confined to three meals.

over the years == as time goes on
well 用来加强语气
背熟： In this way self-confidence grows.

Collecting,by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.

背熟：Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom.

L59 注意每一段的段首和段尾，通过对比来表述了两种不同的收藏。

L59-08 end 10’25”

L59-09 begin 13’42”

make as if to do == pretend to do: 装着要做某事的样子
Eg: He made as if to help me.
make believe: 假装
Eg: He made believe that he knew everything about the secret.
make it ：说定了，成功了
Eg: He thought he would arrive here at 8 o’clock and he made it
make up to : 奉承，献媚 kiss sb’s boots, flatter
make a clean breast of == confess completely: 完全坦白
Eg: He made a clean breast of what he did to the girl.

【Vocabulary】P266
Choose five of the following words and phrases and give for each another word or phrase of similar meaning to that in which the word or phrase is used in the passage: amass (l.1); being aware (l.1); move house (l.4); attics (l.6); gradally acquire (l.10); thrifty (l.12); in very direction (l.17)
amass == accumulate
being aware == conscious
move house 搬家 move from our house to new one
attic: 阁楼 a small room directory below the roof of the building
gradually acquire == get / gain / obtain step by step 渐渐获得
thrifty == frugal ==economical ==not wasteful
in every directions == everywhere

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 What differentiates the indiscriminate collector from the serious one?
a. What he collects is only of personal rather than communal interest.
b. He lacks the physical and mental energy to go out and about.
c. His possessions are varied but over the years they gain in value.
d. He confines his collection to the home and therefore does not travel.
differentiate: 与......不同，区别是什么
communal: 共同的，普遍的

2. The author’s friend is typical of the indiscriminate collector in that____.
a. she keeps newspapers in the hope that one day they may come in useful
b. she collects sketches of clothes to save herself the cost of buying them
c. she is too narrow-minded to be able to stop a sentimental practice
d. she never gets round to sorting out the clutter she has acumulated
in that == because
get round to do: 抽时间来做某事

3 The serious collector can spend his leisure time____.
a. at home,as his collection is sufficient entertainment in itself
b. at the same time as looking joyfully at his treasures
c. educating himself and others by verifying facts in reference books
d. occupying himself by constructing a house for his collection
sufficient == ample == enough == adequate

Structure
4____belongings people accumulate. There are two reasons for this...(ll.7-9)
a. As they got older more b. In getting older there are more
c. Only when they get older, do more d. The older they get the more

5____in the home in an attempt to avoid waste.(l.ll)
a. People deliberately collect b. People deliberately collect some things
c. People collect deliberately d. People collect deliberately some things

deliberately应放在动词之前或宾语之后

6 ----but it litters up her desk____that every time she opens it...(ll.16-17)
a. so far b. as long as c. in as much d. so much

7 Something to do, from finding the right place ____ the latest addition to...(ll.21-22)
a. where he puts b. in order to put c. for to put d. to put

为何不能选a. 没有说明谁放置
不定式to做定语，所强调的内容是将要发生的
Eg: I want to get a pen to write with.

8 ----and then,if____successful,to larger audiences.(ll.28-29)
a. they will be b. one is c. it has been d. they were
如果表示任意的一个人，采用的最好的主语是one.

Vocabulary
9 Some things are collected____in the home so as to avoid waste.(l.ll)
a. systematically b. intentionally c. purposefully d. organizationally

L59-09 end 13’42”

L59-10 begin 13’36”

deliberately: 深思熟虑地，精心考虑地
systematically: 有体系地
intentionally: 有意图地，经过考虑地，故意地
intend to do / intention / have intention to do / intentionally
purposely == on purpose : 有目的地
organizationally: 有组织地

10 Collecting as a serious hobby is____and has many advantages.(l.l8)
a. altogether separate b. rather unlike c. fairly diverse d. very distinguished
unlike: 强调事物的外在不同
diverse: 截然相反的
distinguished: (人) 杰出的，出色的，著名的
separate adj. 分开的

11 ----the right place for the latest addition to____facts in reference books.(ll.22-23)
a. insuring b. certifying c. identifying d. checking
原文用verify
certify / prove / check (核对)
certify: 证明，保证
identify: 确立，确立身份

12 ----but also in general matters which____. (ll.23-24)
a. stand up to it b. relate to it c. bear it out d. carry it off

have some bearing on it == have connection with it == be related to it : 与之相关的
stand up to it 经得起考验
bear out: 证明，证实
carry off: 成功完成（应付）

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. B

如何用另一种写作方式来组织作文：
论说文（说明文和议论文的结合）：说明一种观点，然后用例证说服他人接受你的观点

论说文常用的风格：
1．阐述性的：针对某一问题下面阐述作者的观点，主要是针对某一事物或观点的必要性、重要性、正确性或优越性，危害性或内在实质进行阐述，只需要表明观点，申述理由即可：We need to broaden our English knowledge.

2．比较性的：主要是比较两种或两种以上事物各自的优点、缺点，来论证一种比另一种更好，一般来讲写作方式有整体比较（事物比事物），逐项比较（事实比事实）: How to solve the problem of heavy traffic. 主要是在比较 advantage / disadvantage

L59-10 end 13’36”

L59-11 begin 4’58”

Lesson 45 ---- 阐述性的论说文
Lesson 41 ---- 比较性的论说文

L59-11 end 4’58” Lesson59C end 52:59 Lesson59 end 1:59:27

Lesson60 1:18:41 Lesson60A 36:00 L60-01 begin 7’45”

§ Lesson 60 Too early and too late 太早和太晚

【New words and expressions】生词和短语
●punctuality n. 准时
●rural adv. 农村的
●disregard v. 不顾，无视
●intellectual n. 知识分子
●abstruse adj. 深奥的
●coordinate v. 协调
●reproach v. 责备
●puncture v. 刺破（轮胎）
●diversion n. 改道，绕道
●trial n. 讨厌的事，人
●fraction n. 很小一点儿
●flourish n. 挥舞（打手劳）
●microscopic adj. 微小的
●adamant adj. 坚定的，不动摇的

◆punctuality n. 准时
punctual: adj. 守时
be punctual to the minute

◆rural adv. 农村的
urban adj. 城市的

◆disregard v. 不顾，无视
disregard sth
disregard == ignore
pay no attention to
take no notice of
in disregard of
treat sb. with disregard: 怠慢某人

◆intellectual n. 知识分子

◆abstruse adj. 深奥的
abstract: 抽象的
Eg: I am not good at mathematics, because the subject is not only abstract but also abstruce.

◆◆coordinate v. 协调
Eg: Our efforts need to be further coordinated for higher efficiency.
efficiency: == be efficient:效率
Eg: If you wnat to complete an ideal job with your classmates as quickly as possible, I think ypu must coodniate everything as much as you can.
coordinate work: 协调工作
arrange: 安排
Eg: Who will arrange the party?
How can arrange the paragraph?
organize: 组织
Eg: It’s your duty to organize our meeting.
harmonize: vt.& n. 协调，使调和，配和音

L60-01 end 7’45”

L60-02 begin 13’35”

Eg: The music is harmonized.
We have to harmonize our work.

◆reproach v. 责备
blame / scold / reprehend
Eg: Don’t reproach / blame him for such a little thing.
blame sb. for sth.
reproach n.

Beyond reproach 无可指责
Beyond doubt: 毫无疑问
Beyond understanding 无法理解
Beyond de脚本ion 无法描述
Eg: The problem is beyond / above me. 这个问题难倒了我

◆puncture v. 刺破（轮胎）
◆diversion n. 改道，绕道
◆trial n. 讨厌的事，人
nuisance
trial: 审讯，审判，尝试，实验
Eg: After his trial, he set out with his new plane. 试飞之后，他开着飞机出发了。

◆fraction n. 很小一点儿
◆flourish n. 挥舞（打手势）
gesticulate v. 打手势
◆microscopic adj. 微小的
microphone: 麦克风
microfilm: 微型胶卷
microwave oven: 微波炉

◆◆◆adamant adj. 坚定的，不动摇的
steady: 稳定的
Eg: He is living a steady life.
strong-minded / firm / stable
obstinate / stubborn
stable: (人)坚定的
Eg: If you are adamant, nothing is difficult for you to study English.
If you are adamant, you never give up easily.
give up == yield== surrender: 放弃，投降
yielding / surrendering
unyielding / unsurrendering ==adamant
Eg: He is (so) adamant (as) to stick to his stupid idea.
All the students here are adamant enough to study English hard.

【Text】
Lesson 60 Too early and too late 太早和太晚
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did the young girl miss the train?

Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society. Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in state of chaos. Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. In ordinary living, there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. The intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. He is therefore forgiven if late for a dinner party. But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine. It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment. If no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tires, diversions of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time. They are often more industrious, useful citizens than those who are never late. The over-punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual. The guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance. Some friends of my family had this irritating habit. The only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests. Then they arrived just when we wanted them.
If you are citing a train, it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minted too late. Although being early may mean wasting a little time, this will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait an hour or more for the next one; and you avoid the frustration of arriving at the very moment when the train is drawing out of the station and being unable to get on it. An even harder situation is to be on the platform in good time for a train and still to see it go off without you. Such an experience befell a certain young girl the first time she was traveling alone.
She entered the station twenty minutes before the train was due, since her parents had impressed upon her that it would be unforgivable to miss it and cause the friends with whom she was going to stay to make two journeys to meet her. She gave her luggage to a porter and showed him her ticket. To her horror he said that she was two hours too soon. She felt inhere handbag for the piece of paper on which her father had written down al the details of the journey and gave it to the porter. He agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop, but only to take on mail, not passengers. The girl asked to see a timetable, feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake. The porter went to fetch one and arrive back with the station master, who produced it with a flourish and pointed out a microscopic 'o' beside the time of the arrival of the train at his station; this little 'o' indicated that the train only stopped for mail. Just as that moment the train came into the station. The girl, tears streaming down her face, begged to be allowed to slip into the guard's van. But the station master was adamant: rules could not be broken and she had to watch that train disappear towards her destination while she was left behind.

参考译文
准时是文明社会中进行一切社交活动时必须养成的习惯。不准时将一事无成，事事都会陷入混乱不堪的境地。只有在人口稀少的农村，才可以忽视准时的习惯。在日常生活中人们可以容忍一定程度的不准时。一个专心钻研某个复杂问题的知识分子，为了搞好手头的研究，要把一切都协调一致，组织周密。因此，他要是赴宴迟到了会得到谅解。但有些人不准时常常因为掐钟点所致，他们常常受到责备，精力充沛、头脑敏捷的人极不愿意浪费时间，因此他们常想做完一件事后再去赴约。要是路上没有发生如爆胎、改道、突然起雾等意外事故，他们决不会迟到。他们与那些从不迟到的人相比，常常是更勤奋有用的公民。早到的人同迟到的人一样令人讨厌。客人提前半小时到达是令人讨厌的。我家有几个朋友就有这有令人恼火的习惯。唯一的办法就是请他们比别的客人晚来半小时。这样，他们可以恰好在我们要求的时间到达。
如果赶火车，早到总比晚到好，哪怕早到一会儿也好。虽然早到可能意味着浪费一点时间，但这比误了火车等上一个多小时坐下班车浪费的时间要少，而且可以避免那种正好在火车驶出站时赶到车站，因上不去车而感到的沮丧。更难堪的情况是虽然及时赶到站台上，却眼睁睁地看着那趟火车启动，把你抛下。一个小姑娘第一次单独出门就碰到了这种情况。
在火车进站20分钟前她就进了车站。因为她的父母再三跟她说，如果误了这趟车，她的东道主朋友就得接她两趟，这是不应该的。她把行李交给搬运工并给他看了车票。搬运工说她早到了两个小时，她听后大吃一惊。她从钱包里摸出一张纸条，那上面有她父亲对这次旅行详细说明，她把这张纸条交给了搬运工。搬运工说，正如纸条所说，确有一趟火车在那个时刻到站，但它只停站装邮件，不载旅客。姑娘要求看到时刻表，因为她相信父亲不能把这么大的事弄错。搬运工跑回去取时刻表，同时请来了站长。站长拿着时刻表一挥手，指着那趟列车到站时刻旁边一个很小的圆圈标记。这个标记表示列车是为装邮件而停车。正在这时，火车进站了。女孩泪流满面，央求让她不声不响地到押车员车厢里去算了。但站长态度坚决，规章制度不能破坏，姑娘只得眼看那趟火车消逝在她要去的方向而撇下了她。

【课文讲解】
本篇是论说文，是考试当中常见的一种题型
in civilized society == in modern society
necessary == essential
背熟：Eg:Mania is a habit we develop for a long time which is harmless.

bring sth. to conclusion: 做出结论

L60-02 end 13’35”

L60-03 begin 14’41”

背熟：Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in state of chaos.
平行句式，平行结构，同义词的重复，关键词的使用

Everything would be in confusion / a state of chaos / disorder

Eg: Hard work is our necessity to study English.
Without it, we could not get any success. / nothing would be complete.

倒装：only引导介词短语，时间/条件状语放在句首，句子要部分倒装。

背熟：In ordinary living, there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality.
in ordinary living == in our dily life
tolerance = the state to tolerate something terrible.

Nothing can be worse than this.
No forms of transport could be faster than airplane.

punctual --> unpunctual; punctuality --> unpunctuality

背熟：has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand.

keep sb. occupied

cut things fine 把时间安排得不留余地；掐钟点

do sth. before doing

be tempted to do特别想要做某事
be eager / anxious / desperate to do

L60-03 end 14’41”
Lesson60A end 36:00

Lesson60B begin 42:40
L60-04 begin 12’30”

prefer to do
would like to do
would rather / sooner do
would prefer to do
Eg: I can’t resist the temptation to buy the beautiful dress.
I’m quite / particularly tempted to buy the buautiful dress.

descent: 降临
Eg: Darkness descented very soon.

on time--> keep punctuality

Some people can be forgiven because of what they do even though they are unpunctual.

背熟：The over-punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual.

nuisance --> trial

背熟：The only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests.
Eg: The only thing to do is help you in this way.
My job is teaching. / My job is to teach.
如果当不定式做表语，主句结构当中也出现了不定式，做表语的不定式to符号应该被略掉，以避免重复。
Eg: The only thing to do is help you in this way.
What I want you to do is help me.

Paragraph 2
What does the writer aim at?
He just wants to illustrate to show that punctuality is quite important.
The over-punctual is as irritating as the unpunctual, but on some occasions, we’d better keep over-punctuality.

L60-04 end 12’30”

L60-05 begin 15’11”

comfortably
mean doing sth.

less

draw up: 停车
draw (pull) out of station: 离站

背熟： you avoid the frustration of arriving at the very moment when the train is drawing out of the station and being unable to get on it.
When we get faulures over and over again, we always get the frustration inside our heart.
the frustration inside you can prevent you from doing what you are doing

in good time == on time
befall: sth. bad happen to
Eg: Such a bad experience befall him.

due: 按照计划（安排）而正常进行
Eg: The meeting is due to begin at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning.
The train is due to set off at 3 pm.

What happened to her? What befell her?

impress upon sb. that 再三地叮嘱某人 repeat sth. over and over again
forgive --> forgivable --> unforgivable

make two journeys to meet her: 往返两次做什么

to her horror / terror / fear

on which 定语从句

only,往往表示很遗憾的心情
Eg: I hurry to the store only to find it was closed.

背熟：The girl asked to see a timetable, feeling sure that her father could not have made such a mistake.
feeling sure that...
be brought up to do / have learnt to do
Eg: We have learnt to expect that trains are punctual.
We have been brought up to eat certain foods.

produce it with flourish

just as: 恰恰在这个时刻

背熟：The girl, tears streaming down her face, begged to be allowed to slip into the guard's van.

背熟：she had to watch that train disappear towards her destination while she was left behind.
disappear towards: 朝着什么什么消失

L60-05 end 15’11”

L60-06 begin 15’07”

Punctuality is a necassary habit, we’d better keep punctuality, but you know, over-punctuality is irritating as unpunctuality, but on some occasions, we’d better be over-punctual.

【Vocabulary】P270
Choose five of the following words and phrases and give for each another word or phrase of similar meaning to that in which the word or phrase is used in the passage: a state of chaos (l.3); sparsely-populated (l.3); disregard (l.4); reproached (l.8); setting out (l.10); diversions (l.11); destination (l.33).
a state of chaos == confusion / disorder
sparsely-populated: 人口稀疏的
overpopulated / overpeopled:人口众多的
sparsely == few peopled = with not many people
disregard == take no notice of == pay no attention == ignore
reproached == blamed severely == reprehended
setting out: 出发 == setting off == starting
set out / start / set off / make / leave / head for: 出发去往某处
diversion: 绕道== taking another road to avoid having traffice jam
industrious: 勤劳的 == diligent
destination 目的地 == terminal

【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 The only people who can afford to neglect the exercise of punctuality are _____ .
a. ordinary citizens who have nothing to do with publicity
b. people who live in remote places where there are few people
c. intellectuals who have to deal with unexpected problems
d. people who are forced to work overtime in order to finish a job.

neglect == disregard == ignore
sparsely populated, few people
Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard punctuality.

2 People who cut things fine are usually _____ .
a. delayed by accidents on the roads
b. energetic, quick-minded people
c. no more irritating than the over-punctual
d. reproached for being late for appointments
cut things fine / cutted fine / cut time fine

3 The girl was very upset when the train came into the station because _____ .
a. her parents would not forgive her for missing it
b. she had two hours to wait before the next train arrived
c. she was going to have to make a second journey to reach her destination
d. the station master insisted that passengers were not allowed on to it

Structure
4 Without it, it would be impossible _____ to a conclusion. (l.2)
a. to have ever brought anything b. ever to bring anything
c. to bring nothing ever d. nothing to be brought ever

it is / will be /would be possible for sb. to do sth.

5 The time you _____ waste through being early will be less than ... (l.17)
a. must b. might c. should d. can
through: 通过
Eg: Although being early may mean wasting a little time

6 If you are catching a train, you _____ comfortably early than ... (ll.16-17)
a. are better being b. would be better c. had better be d. will be better to be

had better, 上级对下级或有经验的人对没有经验的人

7 ---- the frustration of arriving _____ the train is drawing out ... (ll.18-19)
a. just as b. immediately that c. in a while d. as soon as

8 And she had to watch that train disappear towards her destination _____ . (l.33)
a. and left her behind b. and leave behind her c. leaving her behind d. while it left behind her

Vocabulary
9 In ordinary living, unpunctuality can be tolerated ____ ... (ll.4-5)
a. out of kindness b. on occasion c. to a certain extent d. in varying degrees
in varying degrees: 在不同的程度上（不断变化）

10 The over-punctual can be just as _____ to others as the unpunctual. (l.12)
a. detestable b. trying c. provident d. inconsiderate
trial: 讨厌的事
trying adj. 气人的
detestable: 可恨的，可憎的
provident: 有先见之明的，有深谋远虑的
considerate == thoughtful: 体贴的， inconsiderate: 没有慎重考虑的，不周到的

11 ---- since her parents had _____ that it would be unforgivable ... (ll.22-23)
a. stressed the point b. given the impression c. marked it down d. given notice
impress upon: 再三嘱托
stress the point
give the impression: 给某人以印象

12 _____ the train came into the station. (l.31)
a. Only then b. Instantly c. At that very moment d. Precisely

【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B 2. B 3. D 4. B 5． B 6. C 7． A 8. C 9. C 10. B 11. A 12. C

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(发帖时间:2004-09-24 20:43:47)
---874你【外语学习联盟小菜鸟】【编辑】【回复】

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